고흥군 산지습지에서의 탄소 저장 및 플럭스의 계절‧공간적 변화 연구
Seasonal and spatial changes in carbon storage and fluxes in forested wetlands in Goheung-gun, Korea
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초록
전지구적 탄소 순환에 있어, 자연생태계는 유일한 탄소 흡수원으로서의 역할을 담당하고 있다. 최근 심화되는 기후변화에 따라, 자연생태계의 이러한 기능에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 특히, 습지 생태계의 경우 높은 생산성을 가진반면에 낮은 분해율을 가진 생태계로 타 생태계에 비해 단위면적당 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 산지습지의 탄소 저장량 및 토양 호흡량 분석을 위해 전라남도 고흥군 우미산에 위치한 산지습지(N34.602487 E127.495810)의 습지 내·외부에서 계절별로 토양을 채취하여 토양 특성 및 탄소를 분석함과 동시에 토양 호흡을 측정하였다. 또한, 습지 내부의 식물체 탄소 저장량도 함께 측정하였다. 그 결과 습지 내부의 토양 탄소 저장량은 129.58~236.77 kgC m-2 였으며, 습지 외부 토양 탄소 저장량은 49.02~59.81 kgC m-2 로 습지 내부 토양이유의하게 더 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 습지 면적으로 환산하여 보면 습지 내부 토양에서는 233.1tC 의 탄소가 저장되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 습지 내 목본 및 초본 식생의 탄소 저장량은 1.575tC 으로상대적으로 습지 토양에 많은 양의 탄소가 저장되어 있는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 습지 내부 탄소 저장량의 경우 중량수분함량(P<0.000, r=0.8443), T-P(P<0.000, r=0.900), NH4 +(P=0.001, r=0.818)과 높은 상관 관계를 나타낸반면, 습지 외부는 T-P 만 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다(P=0.014, r=0.682). 대상 습지의 토양호흡의 경우 습지 내부에서는 0.2~1.3 gCO2 m-2 hr-1, 습지 외부 토양에서는 1.2~2.9 gCO2 m-2 hr-1 의 값을 나타냈다. 습지 내부의 경우, 토양 유기탄소함량(P=0.013, r=0.641) 및 중량수분함량(P=0.002, r=0.743)과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 습지 외부의 경우 암모늄 이온(P=0.029, r=0.804) 및 질산성 질소 이온(P<0.000, r=0.974)과 양의 상관관계를 나타내어 습지 내·외부가 서로 다른 요인에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
In the global carbon cycle, natural ecosystems are the only carbon sinks. With the recent intensification of climate change, this function of natural ecosystems has been emphasized. In particular, wetland ecosystems store a large amount of carbon per unit area compared to other ecosystems due to their high productivity and low decomposition rate. In this study, to analyze the carbon storage and soil respiration of a forested wetland in Korea, we collected seasonal soil samples from inside and outside the wetland of a forested wetland (N34.602487 E127.495810) located in Umisan, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, and analyzed soil properties and carbon, and measured soil respiration. We also measured the carbon storage of plant life inside the wetland. The results showed that the soil carbon storage inside the wetland ranged from 129.58 to 236.77 kgC m-2, while the soil carbon storage outside the wetland ranged from 49.02 to 59.81 kgC m-2, indicating that the soil inside the wetland stored significantly more carbon. Converting this to the wetland area, we found that 233.1 tC of carbon was stored in the soil inside the wetland, while the carbon storage of woody and herbaceous vegetationin the wetland was 1.575 tC, indicating that a relatively large amount of carbon is stored in the wetland soil. In addition, carbon storage inside the wetland was highly correlated with weighted moisture content (P<0.000, r=0.8443), TP (P<0.000, r=0.900), and NH4 + (P=0.001, r=0.818), while outside the wetland, only TP was positively correlated (P=0.014, r=0.682). Soil respiration in the target wetlands ranged from 0.2 to 1.3 gCO2 m-2 hr-1 inside and from 1.2 to 2.9 gCO2 m-2 hr-1 in soils outside the wetlands. Inside the wetland, it was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon content (P=0.013, r=0.641) and weight moisture content (P=0.002, r=0.743), while outside the wetland, it was positively correlated with ammonium ions (P=0.029, r=0.804) and nitrate nitrogen ions (P<0.000, r=0.974), indicating that it was influenced by different factors inside and outside the wetland.
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