점봉산 산지 수계의 저서성 대형무척추동물 분포 특성 및 강우가 군집에 미치는 영향 연구
A Study on the Habitat Characteristics of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and the rainfall effects on their communities in Mt. Jeombongsan
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초록
우리나라는 여름철 강수량이 연 강수량의 50% 이상을 차지하는 기후적 특성이 있으며, 이는 저서성 대형무척추동물의 분포 및 군집에 직·간접적인 영향을 미친다. 따라서 저서성 대형무척추동물 연구에 대한 객관적이고 신뢰성 있는분석을 위해서는 강수량과 이들 분류군의 분포 및 군집에 대한 관계와 영향을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 현재까지 단순히 저서성 대형무척추동물과 강수량의 상관관계에 관한 연구는 일부 진행되었으나 강우빈도와 강수량이 산지 수계의 습지와 계곡 등 각 유형에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저서성 대형무척추동물 분포 현황에 대한 생태 연구를 함에 있어 객관적인 분석을 진행할 수 있도록 외부요인에 의한 환경변화가 적은 점봉산장기생태연구 대상지에서의 결과를 기반으로 일별 누적 강수량과 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집 간의 상관성 분석을진행하였다. 연구는 2016년부터 2023년까지 총 29회에 걸쳐 진행하였으며, 각 조사일을 기준으로 조사일, 조사일 이전 3일, 5일, 10일, 15일, 20일 25일, 30일간의 누적 강수 자료를 각각 정리하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 산간계류에서는 조사일 기준 약 20일 이전부터의 누적 강수량이 저서성 대형무척추동물 종수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 산지습지는 강수량과의 상관성을 보이지 않았다.
Abstract
Most temperate Asian regions experience monsoonal climates that play a critical driver in stream ecosystems, significantly affecting stream environments such as the hydrologic regime and geomorphology. Consequently, the distribution and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates could be determined depending on the frequency and intensity of monsoonal rainfalls. This is the same case in Korea. However, there is little information on the effects of rainfalls on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Korea. Therefore, this study was aimed i) to compare the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in highland wetlands and mountain streams, and ii) to understand the relationships between cumulative precipitation and their diversity in Mt. Jeombongsan. Biological data were quantitatively and qualitatively obtained by field surveys for 29 times from 2016 to 2023. Rainfall data were classified as 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 25 days and 30 days prior to the survey date. Precipitation was concentrated in summer season (July and August) in every survey year, approximately 46.9% of the total annual precipitation. Highland wetlands showed the lowest taxa richness with the highest proportion of Odonata, whereas mountain streams displayed the highest taxa richness with the high number of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. Our results confirmed that the cumulative precipitation for 20 days prior to the survey date was significantly related with the benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in mountain stream sites. This study is expected to establish a long-term biological monitoring plan and to be used as basic information for selecting indicator species.
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