동진강 일대 생태계교란 식물 양미역취(Solidago altissima)의 고밀도 군락 내 중장비를 활용한 제거 효과
Effect of Using Heavy Equipment to Remove High-Density Populations of the Invasive Alien Plant Solidago altissima along the Dongjin River
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생태계교란 식물인 양미역취는 전국에 분포하고 있으나, 그중 동진강, 만경강 일대는 넓은 면적에 고밀도로 분포하고있어 관리가 시급하다. 이에 따라 관할 환경청에서는 2022년에 총 2회의 물리적인 제거를 수행하였다. 1차에서는 지역주민 등이 함께 약 900㎡ 면적의 양미역취를 뿌리째 뽑아 제거하였고, 2차에서는 굴착기, 농기계 등의 중장비를 활용하여 약 17,600㎡ 면적의 양미역취의 지상부 제거와 토양 갈아엎기를 수행하였다. 그리고 양미역취를 제거하지 않은 지점(대조구)과 제거한 지점(처리구)에서 식생조사, 생육(줄기직경, 지상부 길이, 지상부 수) 및 생리반응(엽록소형광, 엽록소함량)을 측정하여 양미역취의 제거 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 양미역취의 중요치는 처리구에서 대조구보다 낮았고, 군락내 종다양성은 증가하였다. 단위 면적당 지상부의 수는 처리구에서 대조구보다 적었다. 결과적으로, 고밀도 군락에서 중장비를 활용한 양미역취 지상부 제거와 토양 갈아엎기의 노력이 양미역취의 개체군을 생장을 저해함을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면 엽록소 형광(Fv/Fm) 값은 처리구에서 더 양호하였다. 이는 밀도의존적인 식물의 특성이 반영된 것이고, 효과적인 관리를 위해서는 지속적인 제거가 수행되어야 함을 시사한다. 지속적인 제거와 함께 지속적인 모니터링이 병행되어야 하며, 연차별 맞춤형 관리방안 마련이 필요하다.
Abstract
Solidago altissima, an invasive alien species, is distributed nationwide in Korea. However, the areas surrounding the Dongjin River and Mankyung River are characterized by a large area with high-density distribution, making management urgent. Therefore, the regional environmental office conducted two physical removal operations in 2022. The first operation involved local residents who removed S. altissima by hand, pulling the plants out by the roots from an area of approximately 900㎡. The second operation used heavy machinery, including excavators and agricultural equipment, to remove the above-ground parts and till the soil over an area of about 17,600㎡. A vegetation survey was conducted, and growth characteristics (stem diameter, shoot length, and number of shoots) and physiological responses (chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll content) were measured at both the control plots, where S. altissima was not removed, and the treatment plots, where it was removed, to evaluate the effectiveness of the removal. As a result, the importance value of S. altissima was lower in the treatment plots than in the control plots, while species diversity within the treatment plots increased. The number of shoots per unit area was lower in the treatment plots compared to the control plots. These findings indicate that removing the above-ground parts of S. altissima and tilling the soil using heavy machinery in high-density community effectively inhibited the growth of the S. altissima population. Meanwhile, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values were higher in the treatment plots, reflecting the density-dependent characteristics of the plant. This suggests that continuous removal efforts are necessary for effective management.Continuous removal efforts must be accompanied by rigorous and ongoing monitoring, and annual development of tailored management plans is essential.
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