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항만의 지속가능한 개발·운영: TBL을 중심으로

Sustainable Port Development and Operation Focusing on Triple Bottom Line

이주호|윤원영|장현미|노세연
한국해운물류학회 (The Korean Association Of Shipping And Logistics, Inc.)|2016.09|해운물류연구 (Journal of Shipping and Logistics)|제32권 제3호|pp. 473-495|DOI 10.37059/tjosal.2016.32.3.473

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참고문헌

키워드

Sustainable DevelopmentTriple Bottom Line지속가능한 항만 개발지속가능한 항만 운영Sustainable Port Development
주제분류해상운송학

초록

지속가능한 개발·운영은 과거 환경적인 요인으로만 제한적으로 사용되던 것과는 달리 최근 들어 경제적·사회적 요인들을 동시에 다루고 있다. 환경의 중요성에 대한 인식이 증가됨에 따라 항만 개발·운영은 새로운 도전에 국면하고 있으며, 이에 대응하기 위해서는 항만 개발계획과 운영에 있어 미래 지속적인 성장을 위한 방향으로 나아가야 한다. 항만개발·운영과 관련하여 환경적인 영향을 최소화하고 그린 항만운영을 촉진시킬 수 있는 다양한 활동이 추진되고 있으나, 환경·사회·경제적인 요인을 모두 고려한 Triple Bottom Line을 활용한 지속가능한 항만개발과 운영의 기준이 무엇이고, 이로 인한 성과가 어떠한지 설명해 주는 포괄적인 선행연구는 드물다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 및 해외 주요항만의 지속가능한 항만 개발 및 운영 사례를 살펴보고, 지속가능성을 구성하는 3가지 기준을 중심으로 그에 따른 효과를 조사해 봄으로써 향후 지속가능한 항만개발 및 운영을 위한 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Abstract

Increasing environmental pressure and awareness, such as the impact of climate change, posit new challenges to port development that, in turn, call for measures aiming at minimizing their impact and pursuing sustainable operations. In this respect, several legislations relating to the construction and extension of ports have been introduced at both international and national levels in a timely manner to minimize the environmental impact and pursue sustainable operations in the long run. Based on stricter standards, these legislations aim to incorporate environmental issues into core strategies of port development. Therefore, sustainability is increasingly seen as a key driver of port development in the next decades. New ports are being constructed and existing ports are being expanded throughout the world to meet the increasing demand of population and requirements from various industries (Gupta et al. 2005). Ports must plan and manage their future developments (growth and expansion) and operations in a sustainable manner in order to cope with the limited or decreased environmental space and intensified interactions with their hinterlands. The required harmony of ports with their surrounding cities clearly renders green growth an important economic driver (Black, 1996). In this respect, several studies have measured ports’ sustainable performance (i.e., Chin and Low, 2010; Lirn et al. 2012; Tsinker, 2004; Wiegmans and Louw, 2011). Rather than studying the impact of sustainability in port management, most of the literature related to sustainable port development is focused on ecological issues (i.e., Berechman and Tseng, 2012; Dinwoodie et al. 2012; Liao et al. 2010) and monitoring of environmental impacts (i.e., Darbra et al. 2004, 2005; Gupta et al. 2005; Wooldridge et al. 1999). Recently, some authors analyzed the strategic issues (i.e., Denktas-Sakar and Caratas-Cetin, 2012; Haezendonck et al. 2006) and operations of green ports (i.e., Acciaro et al. 2014), contributing to the identification of the value addition that environmental performance might bring to ports. Among a few studies on the impact of sustainability in port management, only environmental (i.e., Gouliemos, 2000; Le et al. 2014; Peris-Mora et al. 2005; Villalba and Gemechu, 2011) or both economic and environmental aspects of sustainability have been considered (i.e., Asgari et al. 2015). Yap and Lam (2013) studied the impact of ports’ spatial expansion development on the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. They emphasized that it is even more important to address ecological issues at the planning stage and before terminal construction of any future port development project than taking note of green port practices when the port is already in operation. Nevertheless, there is little information that clearly and comprehensively describes what sustainable port development actually entails or, in other words, what are considered as sustainable port development indicators. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the main factors that shape sustainable port development by identifying overseas and Korean cases and examining how these ports practice sustainable development in order to suggest academic, managerial, and policy implications.

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