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‘유니클리(Uniquely)’ 싱가포르의 관광 도시화 전략: 복합리조트, 카지노, 그리고 실용주의

Uniquely Singapore’s tourist city strategy: Integrated resorts, casinos, and a pragmatic approach

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(재) 인천연구원 (The Incheon Institute)|2020.06|도시연구 (Korean Journal of Urban Studies)|제17호|pp. 207-246|DOI 10.34165/urbanr.2020..17.207

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키워드

카지노도시개발복합리조트Singapore싱가포르urban development정책 프레이밍integrated resortscasinospolicy framing
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 연구는 도시국가인 싱가포르가 2000년대 경제성장의 정체와 지리적 한계를 어떻게 극복하고 복합리조트를 비롯한 관광산업의 진흥을 통해 세계적인 도시로 거듭날 수 있었는지 정치과정을 설명한다. 본 연구는 싱가포르의 복합리조트를 통한 도시개발의 정치담론에 관한 면밀한 이해를 위해 사례 및 담론분석을제공하고자 하였다. 싱가포르는 안정적인 정치적 환경을 바탕으로 도시국가로써 글로벌 경쟁에서 살아남기 위해 이념이나 철학보다 실용주의적 프레이밍에바탕을 둔 선택을 과감히 할 수 있었고, 지리적 조건을 최적화하는 복합리조트와카지노를 성공적으로 설립할 수 있었다. 그 기반에는 정치 지도자들의 실용주의와 정부의 투명성 및 효율성이 재계, 종교계 및 시민사회를 의견을 적극 포용하여 설득하는 비용을 최소화하고, 카지노의 도입에 따른 사회적 위험을 국가가 사회 안전망을 확충함으로써 목적을 달성할 수 있었다. 이러한 싱가포르 포용적도시계획은 카지노와 복합리조트라는 도구를 통해 개발을 꾀하는 많은 도시와국가에 중요한 함의점을 제공하고 있다.

Abstract

This paper explores Singapore’s urban expansion and growth in the context of its transformation into a global tourist city. This concept has drawn a lot of attention from government leaders, developers, and general citizens in developed and developing nations alike. How did the small island city-state overcome its geographic disadvantage (and seize opportunities) and become a core city through integrated resorts (IRs) and casinos? How did Singapore’s government persuade religious communities and civil society organizations, which strongly opposed the idea of casinos? By analyzing the case of Singapore, this paper shows that its leaders, based on their positive framing strategy for economic prosperity and citizens’ well-being, made “practical choices” over ideological or moral issues. The government’s inclusive decision-making process encouraged the participation of citizens and community members in the process of urban growth. The government’s dedication to post hoc management of gambling also substantially reduced social risk and disharmony. Singapore’s global tourism strategy implies that short, mid, and long-term visions in urban expansion must incorporate various stakeholders’ views through an inclusive, transparent process.

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