스텔싱의 범죄화 및 입법방향에 대한 소고 - 주요 국가의 입법과 처벌례를 중심으로 -
A Study on Criminalization and Legislative Direction of Stealthing - focusing on legislation and punishment in many countries -
1
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
스텔싱이란 성행위시 ‘동의 없이 콘돔을 제거함으로써 상대방에게 임신이나 성병의 위험을발생케 하는 행위’를 일컫는다. 우리나라에서 스텔싱은 피해자 권리 확대와 성적 자기결정권의이해가 보편화됨에 따라 최근에 이슈화된 것일 뿐 과거에 입법적으로 고려된 적이 없다. 비동의간음죄를 신설하여 동의없는 성행위로 정도로 취급할 수도 있는 관념 속에서만 머물렀을 뿐이다. 우리 법에 따르면 스텔싱은 형사처벌할 수 없는 것이 현실이지만, 유럽 등 선진국에서는심각한 사회문제로 공론화되어 있고, 성폭력의 한 유형으로서 실제 처벌되었다거나, 조건부 동의라는 개념을 해석상 인정하거나 또는 이를 직접 입법하여 범죄화하는 국가들이 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 주요 선진국에서는 스텔싱을 어떻게 규제하고 있는지 외국의 처벌과 입법례를 소개⋅분석한 뒤, 범죄화에 있어서 어떠한 것이 문제되고 선결되어야 하며 어떻게 입법해야 할 것인지 개인적 소견을 제시한 것이다. 우선, 위계의 존재와 행위 사이의 인과관계 및 자발적 성적 자기결정권의 부재가 입증되기어려워 위계에 의한 간음으로 취급하기에도 어렵다는 점, 비동의간음죄를 신설하여 동의 부재를기본 구성요건화 한다 하더라도 콘돔 미사용을 이유로 전체 성행위를 동의없다고 보기에는 한계가 있다는 점, 다른 조건들과의 관계를 고려할 때 콘돔 미사용만을 성행위의 조건처럼 취급하기에도 어렵다는 점, 조건부 동의를 인정할 경우 처벌범위가 지나치게 확장될 수 있다는 점 등을제시하면서 위계에 의한 간음과 비동의간음처럼 취급하기에는 한계가 있다는 점을 언급하였다. 나아가 규제 목적이 임신과 출산의 자유 및 성병 감염으로부터 자유로울 권리를 보호하는 취지라면 피임도구의 비정상적 사용이나 도구 사용의 위계만을 규제할 것이 아니라 유사행위를 포섭할 수 있도록 보호법익의 관점에서 폭넓게 규제할 필요가 있다는 점을 언급하였다.
Abstract
‘Stealing’ is the act of putting the other party at risk of pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases by removing the condom without consent. In the Republic of Korea, stealthing has not been considered legislatively in the past, but has only recently been an issue as the understanding of victims' rights and sexual self-determination has become more common. Just only stayed at the idea that it could be applied after legislating and criminalizing the crime of non-consensual Sexual Assault, in which consent is a basic element in sexual offenses. Stealing is not a crime under the Korean Criminal Code. However, in many countries such as Europe, it has been publicly discussed as a serious social problem, there are cases where it is actually punished, and there are countries that recognize or legislate conditional consent in interpretation and criminalize it. Therefore, this paper introduces and analyzes foreign punishment and legislative forms of how stealthing is regulated, and then presents personal opinions on what are the issues in the process of criminalization in Korea and how to legislate it. First of all, I pointed out that it is difficult to treat as rape by fraud because it is difficult to prove the causality between existence of fraud and act and the absence of voluntary sexual self-determination. In addition, Even if legislating and criminalizing the crime of non-consensual Sexual Assault, in which consent is a basic element in sexual offenses, it is difficult to say that consent to the entire sexual activity is not obtained because of not using a condom. And, considering the relationship with the various conditions of sexual intercourse, it is difficult to treat only non-condom use as a condition for sexual intercourse. If conditional consent is granted, the scope of punishment may be excessively extended. In presenting these points, there is a limit to being treated as rape by fraud and non-consensual sexual assault. Finally, if the purpose of the crime is to protect the freedom of pregnancy and childbirth and the right to be free from sexually transmitted infections, it is not only to regulate the abnormal use of condoms or the fraud use of condoms, and mentioned that it is necessary to define broadly from the point of view of protection legal interests in order to cover similar acts.
참고문헌 (29)
- 김종구, "성적 자율성과 스텔싱(Stealthing)의 입법론에 관한 고찰", 비교형사법연구, 23(4), pp.237~268 (2022), 한국비교형사법학회
- 김희정, "비동의(without consent) 간음죄 신설에 관한 비교법적 검토 - 미국의 모범형법전(Model Penal Code)의“비동의ˮ를 중심으로 -", 형사법의 신동향, (64), pp.324~356 (2019), 대검찰청[DOI]
- 김희정, "스텔싱(Stealthing)의 형사 처벌가능성에 관한 소고", 法學論文集, 43(3), pp.93~113 (2019), 법학연구원[DOI]
- 도규엽, "이른바 ‘스텔싱(Stealthing)’행위 처벌의 한계", 형사정책, 33(4), pp.107~128 (2022), 한국형사정책학회
- Alexandra Brodsky, "Rape-Adjacent : Imagining Legal Responses to Nonconsensual Condom Removal", Columbia Journal of Gender and law, 32(2) (2017)
- Laura Tarzia, "Exploring the gray areas between “stealthing” and reproductive coercion and abuse", Women and Health, 11(25), pp.25~ (2020)
- Lise Gotell, "Non-Consensual Condom Removal in Canadian Law Before and After R. v. Hutchinson", Dal LJ, 44(2) (2021)
- Mikaela Shapiro, "Yes, “Stealthing” Is Sexual Assault… And We Need to Address It", Touro Law Review, 37(3) (2021)
- Rosie L. Latimer, "Non-consensual condom removal, reported by patients at a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia", PLOS ONE, 13 (2018)
- "법원, 성관계 중 몰래 콘돔 빼기 ‘스텔싱’에 100만원 손해배상 판결", 한겨레신문, ~ (2021)
- "ACT criminalises ‘stealthing’ in Australian first", ABC News, ~ (2021)
- Brianna Chesser, "In an Australian first, stealthing is now illegal in the ACT. Could this set a precedent for the country?, theconversation", ~ (2021)
- "California could become first state to make it illegal to remove a condom without consent", The Washington Post, ~ (2021)
- "California Moves to Outlaw ‘Stealthing,’ or Removing Condom Without Consent", The New York Times, ~ (2021)
- Catharine Tunney, "B.C. woman says Mounties need better training on investigating condom-free ‘stealthing’ assaults", CBC, ~ (2021)
- Geogia Aspinal, "A British Man Has Been Convicted of Rape After Removing a Condom During Sex", GRAZIA (2019)
- Hernandez Joe, "California is the first state to ban ‘stealthing,’ nonconsensual condom removal", NPR (2021)
- Jess Pullar, "Australia Is (Finally) Turning The Tide On Stealthing Laws—Here's What That Means", ~ (2022)
- Kate Christian, "ACT criminalises stealthing, outlawing non-consensual removal of condom during sex", ABC News, ~ (2021)
- Malone Mullin, "‘Stealthing’ could be considered assault say experts about secret removal of condom during sex", CBC, ~ (2017)
- "Man convicted of rape for taking offcondom during sex", The Independent, ~ (2017)
- "Police officer found guilty of condom ‘stealthing’ in landmark trial", CNN, ~ (2018)
- Melissa Cunningham, "Stealth-rape accused doctor awarded Order of Australia, the Sydney Morning Herald", pp.2020
- Michael Shields, "Swiss court upholds sentence in ‘stealthing’ condom case", Reuters, ~ (2017)
- "Police officer found guilty of condom ‘stealthing’ in landmark trial", CNN, ~ (2018)
- Randall Palmer, "Canadian guilty of sexual assault after piercing condom", REUTERS, ~ (2014)
- Rebecca Staudenmaier, "Germany: Woman sentenced for poking holes in partner's condoms", Deutsche Welle (2022)
- Richard Raycraft, "Supreme Court rules not wearing condom against partner's wishes could lead to sexual assault conviction", CBC News, ~ (2022)
- Tom Felber, "Stealthing das heimliche Abziehen des Kondoms, ist moralisch unterste Schublade aber derzeit nicht strafbar", Neue Zürcher Zeitung, ~ (2019)