스마트관광 연구 유행인가 지속가능한가? : 체계적 문헌 고찰을 통한 연구동향과 과제
Is Smart Tourism Merely a Trend?: A Systematic Literature Review of Emerging Trends and Future Research Directions
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초록
최근 스마트관광과 관련된 논의가 관광 정책 및 산업 분야에서 가속화되고 있지만, 연구 분야의 지식 생산은 파편적이고 단편적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 체계적 문헌 고찰을 통해 2024년 7월 말까지 국내 KCI 학술지에 게재된 스마트관광 연구 동향을 분석하고, 학문적 발전과 성숙을 위한 향후 연구 과제를 제언하고자 하였다. 특히 스마트관광이라는 용어와 개념이 정책 및 산업 분야에서 통용되고 있는 관광 분야 학술지들을 대상으로 스마트관광 연구 동향의 계량적 차원 뿐만 아니라 질적인 차원에 대해 분석하고, 연구의 패러다임 단계를 진단해 보고자 하였다. 분석 결과 국내에서 스마트관광(smart tourism)이라는 용어가 연구의 제목이나 주제, 핵심 키워드, 초록 등 전면에 등장하기 시작한 것은 2014년도부터이다. 스마트관광 연구가 수행된 분야는 관광학이 전체 126편 중 38편(30.2%)으로 가장 높게 나타났으나, 스마트관광이라는 학제적 성격에 기인하여 경영학, 디자인학, 정보통신 및 컴퓨터학 등 다양한 학문 분야에서 연구를 진행하였다. 관광 분야 학술지의 스마트관광 연구는 2015년부터 나타났으며, 실증주의(positivism) 기반의 연구 패러다임 하에서 온라인 설문조사를 활용한 계량 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 적용된 이론 역시 기술수용모델, 확장된기술수용모델, 기술준비수용모델 등 기존의 행동모델을 차용하였으며, 스마트관광 현상과 관광자 행동을 이해하기 위한 개념과 이론 개발, 다양한 존재론적, 인식론적, 방법론적, 해석적 논의 등이나타나지 않은 패러다임 이전(pre-pradigm) 단계를 보인다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 앞으로 십 년 후 스마트관광이 관광학의 지속가능한 연구 주제로 자리매김하게 될지, 한때의 유행으로 평가받을지 가름할 향후 연구 과제를 제언하였다.
Abstract
Recent discussions regarding smart tourism have gained significant momentum in tourism policy and industry; however, knowledge production in this research area remains fragmented and sporadic. This study aims to analyze trends in smart tourism research published in domestic KCI journals up to the end of July 2024 through a systematic literature review, proposing future research tasks to foster academic development. The analysis addresses both the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of smart tourism research, particularly focusing on tourism journals where the terms and concepts are prominent in policy and industry contexts, while also diagnosing the related research paradigms. The findings indicate that the term "smart tourism" began to prominently appear in research titles, topics, keywords, and abstracts as early as 2014. Among the 126 studies analyzed, research related to tourism constituted the largest share, accounting for 30.2%. However, due to the interdisciplinary nature of smart tourism, research has also emerged from various academic fields, including business studies, design, information communication, and computer science. Research on smart tourism has appeared in tourism journals since 2015, predominantly adopting a positivist research paradigm with an emphasis on quantitative methodologies that often utilize surveys. Additionally, the study reveals a pre-paradigm stage within smart tourism research, characterized by insufficient comprehensive conceptual and theoretical development. This stage has also restricted discussions on various ontological, epistemological, methodological, and interpretive issues. The theories mainly employed draw from established behavioral models, such as the Technology Acceptance Model, the Extended Technology Acceptance Model, and the Technology Readiness Model. Based on these findings, the study suggests future research directions for tourism scholars to determine whether smart tourism will solidify as a sustainable research topic or merely be regarded as a transient trend within tourism studies over the next decade.
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