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한국판 베일런트 방어기제 평정 척도의 타당화

Validation of the Korean Version of the Vaillant Defense Mechanism Rating Scale

고영건|김경희
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2018.05|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제37권 제2호|pp. 236-251

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참고문헌

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타당화방어기제평정 척도자기보고식 검사지인평가defense mechanismrating scaleself-report measuresacquaintance evaluationcriterion-related validitydiscriminant validity
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 한국판 베일런트 방어기제 평정 척도(K-VDMRS)를 타당화하는 것이다. 이를 위해 대학생 90명(남자 39명, 여자 51명)을대상으로 한국판 베일런트 방어기제 평정을 위한 면담을 실시하였다. 그리고 준거타당도를 조사하기 위해 자기보고식 검사인 한국판 방어유형척도, 이화방어기제 검사, 대처방식 척도, 긍정적 정신건강 척도, 우울증상 척도, 명백 불안 척도 그리고 신체 건강 관련 질문지를 실시하였다. 이러한 자기보고식 검사 이외에도 본 연구 참여자가 추천한 가까운 지인 3인을 대상으로 지인평가를 진행하였다. 본 연구 결과는다음과 같다. 첫째, 정신건강 유형을 번영, 쇠약, 분투 및 부적응 집단으로 분류하고서 베일런트 방어기제 평정 척도 점수에서의 차이를 조사했을 때, 미성숙한 방어 수준에서만 집단 간 차이가 나타났다. 쇠약집단은 번영집단, 분투집단 그리고 부적응집단보다 미성숙한 방어기제를 더 많이 사용하였다. 둘째, 우울 수준이 높은 집단이 우울 수준이 낮은 집단에 비해 미성숙한 방어기제를 더 많이 사용하는 것으로나타났다. 셋째, 베일런트 방어기제 평정과 지인평가 간 관계를 살펴보았을 때, 미성숙한 방어를 많이 사용할수록 지인평가에서도 미성숙한 사람으로 평가되는 반면, 성숙한 방어를 많이 사용할수록 지인평가에서 대인관계가 원만하고 행복한 사람으로 평가되었다. 마지막으로, K-VDMRS로 평가한 방어의 성숙도가 자기보고식 방어기제 검사 및 대처방식 검사보다 정신건강 및 신체건강 변인과의 상관에서 상대적으로 더 높은 수준의 준거타당도 및 변별타당도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점에 대해논하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to validate the Korean version of the Vaillant Defense Mechanism Rating Scale (K-VDMRS). For this purpose, 90 college students (39 men and 51 women) were interviewed for the K-VDMRS. In order to determine criterion-related validity, we administered seven self-report measures: the Korea-Defense Style Questionnaire, the Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Positive Mental Health Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS), and physical health questionnaires. In addition to these self-report measures, close acquaintances recommended by the participants rated the subjects’ psychological maturity. The results of this study are as follows. First, when we divided the positive mental health types into flourishing, languishing, struggling, and maladaptation groups, there were group differences only at the level of immature defenses. The languishing group used more immature defenses than the other groups. Second, those with high level of depression used more immature defenses than those with low level of depression. Third, according to the correlation analysis results of K-VDMRS and acquaintance rating, the more mature the defenses used by the participants, the more mature they were rated in the acquaintance evaluation. Finally, the defense maturity rated by the K-VDMRS showed higher criterion-related validity and discriminant validity for mental health variables, physical health, and acquaintance evaluation than the self-report measures of defense mechanisms and coping style. Based on these findings, we discussed the implications and limitations of this study.

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