북한산성의 승영사찰僧營寺刹 ― 사찰의 역할과 운영을 중심으로

Abstract

The Bukhan-sanseong Fortress(北漢山城) of Mt. Bukhan-san were built in 1711, in the reign of King Sukjong(肅宗, 1674~1720) of the Joseon dynasty. Afterwards, the 10 military temples in which military monks stationed were newly founded in the fortress. The present writer took notice of these 10 temples, and researched the status and meaning in the history of Korean Buddhism including the position and management of these temples. This research is such a meaningful work because it helps to understand the importance of the Bukhansanseong Fortress and the system of military monks. The 10 military temples which were located in the neighborhood of three major gates, three minor gates, seven hidden gates and one inner gate in the three military camp zones were mostly in charge of protecting the castle walls. Sangunsa(祥雲寺), Seoamsa (西巖寺), Jinguksa(鎭國寺) belonging to the Hulleondogam troop(訓練都監) protected the north of fortress around the north main gate, Boguksa (輔國寺), Bokwangsa(普光寺), Yongamsa(龍巖寺), Taegosa(太古寺) belonging to the Geumwiyeong troop(禁衛營) protected the east of fortress around the east main gate. And Guknyeongsa(國寧寺), Wongksa(元覺寺), Buwangsa(扶旺寺) belonging to the Eoyeongcheong troop(御營廳) protected the west of fortress around the west main gate. The master of Jungheungsa(重興寺), the headquarter of military temples, commanded all military monks, and each military temple had a chief monk, a top monk and righteous monks. Though three military camps for protecting the fortress were established, military temples which were located in the neighborhood of several castle gates were in charge of protecting the castle walls in the forefront. The majority of military monks who were leading group for protecting the fortress were righteous monks(350monks), and their service were alternated every two months a year. This system was changed into paying taxes instead of military service. It was inevitable that military temples were transformed along with the change in the military monk system. The majority of military temples lasted because their essential purpose was to protect the fortress, but mostly they were destroyed around the abolition of the military monk system in 1894. Now Sangunsa(祥雲寺), Taegosa(太古寺), Jinguksa(鎭國寺), Guknyeongsa(國寧寺) of the Bukhansanseong Fortress(北漢山城) are keeping alive, and Jungheungsa(重興寺) and Seoamsa(西巖寺) are being reconstructed.