인조 舊 長陵의 위치비정과 석물에 관한 고찰

Abstract

Royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty are a total of 42 tombs and 2 graves (Yeonsangun, Gwanghaegun) including Jereung Hureung in North Korea and have been constantly changed depending on political, economic, geomantic and cultural conditions. Except for the royal tomb of Chujon, the royal tombs of six kings such as Sejong, Seonjo, Injo, Hyojong, Jongjo, Soonjo were moved. However, Jongjo is the only king who checked the first burial ground, the king’s hill land. As can be seen from the fact that the royal tomb areas of Soonjo’s Inreung and Yeongjo Wolleung were created in Sejong’s Yeong -neung and Hyojong’s Yeongneung, hillside has been also managed in the same way as royal tombs. Given the examples of Sejong and Queen Jang- gyeong in the early period of the Joseon Dynasty, it is not easy to find the location of the first burial ground for kings because old stone figures for tombs were buried nearby and the stone figures have been reused after the mid-term. Injo Jangneung was specified as the king’s Sureungji as Queen Inyoul passed away in 1635 and was built as twin tombs after Injo passed away in 1649. Injo Jangneung Sanneungdogameugye shows the detailed records about royal tomb area building process at that time. However, despite the record that most stone figures were moved from Paju Uncheonri to Paju Gyo- haeupchi (Present Galhyeonri) when moving the royal tomb in the 7th year of Yeongjo reign, the king’s stone figures as well as even the royal tomb area have not been identified in Paju Uncheonri. But, Injo Jangneung Cheon- neungdogameugye left detailed records on things left because dimensions do not match as the royal tomb system was changed from twin tombs to Hap- jangneung (Tomb for burying together) as well as moved stone figures and woods. Paying attention to these points, we investigated the surface of Paju Uncheonri area in early January 2014 and as a result, we discovered roof stone and rectangular stone, cornerstone etc. followed by support stone of the royal tomb in Uncheonri and requested the authorities to take research and conservation measures. Some stone figures currently left in here are exposed to the surface of the earth but Guide to Moving the Royal Tombs left a record that many of them were buried in Southern side and Northern side of the royal tomb area. This point has been confirmed by local residents farming in this area. Currently, in case of the first burial ground of royal tombs, Jongjo’s Kunreung has been excavated and confirmed by Research Institute of Cultural Heritage in 2011 but the royal tombs corresponding to the middle of the Joseon Dynasty have not been identified yet. Furthermore, the discovery of Injo old Jangneung is determined to be considerably valuable in that the process that king and queen tombs were changed from twin tombs to Hapjangneung can be revealed 95 years after the royal tomb area was created, But, Uiingun Grave was moved to Injo’s first burial ground in 1968. Fortunately, the grave was stepped aside slightly to the left when moved and given the depth of burial, the burial facilities of the king and queen were not affected so close consultation with Jongjung of Uiingun is required when excavated and stored in the future. Therefore, the meaning of Injo’s first burial ground discovery is as follows; First, the materials to identify the design method of Lime tomb in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, changes in stone figure placed before tombs and lotus pond are provided and second, changes of grave goods and Sanreung system in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty can be identified through comparison with historical records. Finally, if Jangneung, the current closed tomb is opened in the future and connected to first burial ground in Uncheonri, it is believed to be another Royal Tomb of the Joseon Dynasty.