족보 속 여성 정보와 조선시대 여성의 삶 — 안동김씨세보와 족보 데이터를 중심으로
The Structure and Characteristics of Women’s Information in Korean Genealogies ― Focusing on the Andong Kim Lineage Genealogies
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초록
조선시대족보는전근대여성의삶을복원하는데중요한사료로활용될 수있다. 특히한국의족보는동아시아다른국가들과비교했을때여성정보가 상대적으로 풍부한 특징이 있다. 그러나 족보는 자료적 신뢰도 문제와 특정 계층, 특히 양반층 중심으로 기록되었다는 한계를 가지고 있어, 우선 족보속여성정보에대한면밀한검토가필요하다. 이에본연구는안동김씨 족보를분석하여조선후기족보속여성정보가시기별로어떻게변화했는지살펴보았다. 그결과, 18세기후반부터여성의출생과사망정보뿐만아니라 부모와외가정보가기재되는경향이증가했음을확인하였다. 아울러본연구는안동김씨전자족보데이터를분석하여여성정보의구조와종류를확인하였다. 전자족보는15세기초부터6세기에걸쳐출생한여성들의정보와그 변화를 볼 수 있다는 장점이 있었으며, 여성들의 이름 기록이나 국제결혼 사례 등 전통 족보에서는 볼 수 없는 모습을 보여주었다. 이처럼 데이터 속여성정보는다른사료에서찾기어려운, 여성들의삶을조망하게해주는 중요한자료이다. 이를기초로본연구는전근대여성의출생, 죽음, 출산에 대한초보적인분석을시도하였다. 향후연구에서는족보데이터의신뢰도를 높이고, 정교한 방법론을 활용하여 여성 정보가 말해주는 것이 무엇인지 더욱 구체적으로 밝혀나갈 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Chosŏn Dynasty genealogy can be used as an important historical record to reconstruct the lives of women in pre-modern society. In particular, Korean genealogy records relatively rich information about women compared to other East Asian countries. However, genealogy has limitations in terms of its reliability and the fact that it was mainly recorded by certain classes, especially the Yangban elite, so it is imperative that research involving genealogical data approach a careful examination of information about women in the genealogy.. This study analysed the Andong Kim lineage genealogy to investigate how information about women in the genealogy changed over time in the late Chosŏn period. It found that from the late 18th century, the genealogy tended to include not only information on the women’s births and deaths, but also information on their their paternal and maternal ancestors. In addition, this study analysed the genealogy database on the Andong Kim lineage homepage to identify the structure and types of personal information in the genealogy database. The database had the advantage of being able to look at changes in the information of women listed in the genealogy, including those born after the 20th century. It showed changes that could not be seen in traditional genealogies, such as the recording of women’s names and cases of international marriage. However, the database is limited in its analysis of class-based Chosŏn society as it does not reflect the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate children or the different structure of wives and concubines. Nevertheless, genealogical data are useful for analysing the births, deaths, marriages and childbirths of women in the pre-modern period and are an important source for gaining a perspective on women’s lives that is difficult to find in other historical source. This study has utilised the data to provide a comprehensive analysis of women’s lives during the Chosŏn period.