중국 흑사회성질범죄조직의 특징에 대한 고찰

Abstract

Globalization brought the expansion of international human and resource exchanges. This contributed, on the one hand, to the improvement of the life quality of people, However, it gave, on the other hand, adverse effects such as the sharing of crime techniques which led to the globalization of crime. The criminal globalization does not just mean the regional extension of crimes and an increase in the international connection of crimes. It also means the diversification of crime methods and a dramatic increase in both damages and nipple effects caused by crimes. This is attracting more and more attention to the mutual cooperation and actions of the international communities against crimes. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of China's pseudo-underworld society crime organizations, especially in terms of organization, activities and goals. Concerning the organizational structure, this paper focuses on the crime groups' hierarchial structure and the extent to which their power reaches. As to the activities, it looks into how much the organizations are violent and culturally corruptive. This study finally discusses financial and political goals of the organizations. In general, China's pseudo-underworld society crime organizations are long maintained as they are relatively little exposed to the outside. They have members who remain loyal to the organization for a long time. The organizations have their own developmental direction and goals. The direction and goals are generally formulated very precise and detailed. The crime bodies also operate themselves in accordance with long-term plans. The organizations' ability to use violence corresponds to their ability of crime. Violence is the basic condition for the membership of China's pseudo-underworld society crime organization. How profits made by crimes are alloted among members depends on how much the members are able to show violence. For members of the organizations, violence is the only or most effective means of securing their authority or position in the organization. For China's pseudo-underworld society crime organizations, money is the key to operations. In leading the members, purchasing weapons and equipment and ensuring the future development, the organizations absolutely rely on money. For this reason, China's pseudo-underworld society crime organizations seek to become a certain financial entity. However, financial profits are not their only goal. The organizations have another goal, that is building up mutually protective relationships or networks with public officials of the state and thereby penetrating into the political circles, planting and utilizing their spokesmen in the press, finding their protectors in judicial authorities and, using them, exerting lots of pressure and influence. In short, the ultimate goal of China's pseudo-underworld society crime organizations is settling themselves in the political world by penetrating into it based on their expanded financial capabilities.