마약중독의 근거기반치료
Evidence-Based Treatments of Drug Addiction
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초록
한국에서의 불법 마약사용이 점점 더 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있기에, 마약중독 심리치료법에 대한 효과성을 검증할 필요가 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 국외와 국내의 근거기반 마약중독치료를 개관하는데 있다. 미국에서 시행된 메타분석 연구와, 한국에서 시행된 메타분석 연구가 없는 관계로 한국에서의 개별연구들을 개관하였다. 메타분석 연구들은 인지행동치료, 동기강화상담, 공동체 강화접근, 유관관리가 마약중독에 효과가 있다고 보고하고 있다. 효과성은 마약의 종류별로 상이한데, 대마사용장애에는 인지행동치료와 동기강화상담이, 자극제 사용장애에는 인지행동치료, 공동체 강화접근, 유관관리가 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 국내에서는 주로 명상, 자기초월, 치료공동체등의문화적특성을고려한프로그램이시행되었다. 마지막으로 현재 연구들의 제한점 및 앞으로의 연구들에 대한 권고를 제시하였다.
Abstract
Illegal drug addiction is more pervasive than has been recognized in Korea, and the efficacy of psychological treatments needs to be examined. The aim of this study was to review evidence-based treatments of drug addiction in the United States and Korea. Meta-analyses conducted in the United States and individual studies conducted in Korea (where a meta-analysis has not been conducted) were reviewed. The results of meta-analyses showed that cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing (MI), community reinforcement approach (CRA), and contingency management (CM) were effective in treating drug addiction. The efficacy differed depending on the respective substances: CBT and MI were effective for cannabis use disorder, while CBT, CRA, and CM were effective for stimulant use disorder. In Korean studies, culture-bound and diverse programs, including meditation, self-transcendence, and therapeutic community programs, have been conducted. The limitations of the current studies and recommendations for future studies are discussed.
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