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보건의료영역 인공지능 윤리 원칙과 고려사항

Ethical Principles and Considerations Concerning the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

최은경|양지현|이일학|문기업|손유미
한국의료윤리학회 (The Korean Society For Medical Ethics)|2023.06|한국의료윤리학회지 (Korean Journal of Medical Ethics)|제26권 제2호|pp. 103-131|DOI https://doi.org/10.35301/ksme.2023.26.2.103

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인공지능가이드라인윤리원칙보건의료guidelineartificial intelligenceaccountability책무성설명가능성ethical principlehealthcareexplainability
주제분류의학일반

초록

보건의료영역에서의 인공지능 활용은 지속적으로 확대되고 있다. 인공지능은 보건의료영역의 인적, 물적 자원 부족 문제를 해결하고 진단 및 치료 영역에서 혁신을 가져다 줄 것으로 기대된다. 하지만 딥 러닝 학습법과 그로 인한 블랙박스 속성으로 인해 인공지능에 대한 윤리적 우려가 존재한다. 이러한 문 제를 해소하기 위해서는 인공지능에 대해 제기되는 여러 윤리적 이슈와 개념을 확인하고 이를 다루는 윤리적 원칙을 제시할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 국외의 여러 보건의료영역 인공지능 윤리 가이드 라인을 분석하여 각 문헌에 제시되는 윤리적 영역, 이슈, 테마, 원칙들을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 바탕 으로 데이터 수집, 임상 환경, 사회 환경 영역에 해당하는 중요 윤리 테마로 인간에 대한 존중, 책무성, 지속가능성 세 가지를 도출해 내었고, 각 영역 및 테마에 해당하는 윤리 원칙들을 제시하고 이를 도식 화하였다. 그리고 나서 도출한 10가지 윤리 원칙들에 대해 이슈, 개념 분석, 적용을 중점으로 상세한 설 명을 시도하였다. 그리고 보론으로 윤리원칙의 상충가능성에 대해 숙의민주주의 도입을 통한 컨센서스 형성을 제언하였다. 본 연구를 통해 고찰된 윤리원칙이 향후 윤리적인 보건의료영역 인공지능 제작 및 활용에 도움이 되기를 기대하며 글은 마무리 된다.

Abstract

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare settings has become increasingly common. Many hope that AI will remove constraints on human and material resources and bring innovations in diagnosis and treatment. However, the deep learning techniques and resulting black box problem of AI raise important ethical concerns. To address these concerns, this article explores some of the relevant ethical domains, issues, and themes in this area and proposes principles to guide use of AI in healthcare. Three ethical themes are identified, including respect for person, accountability, and sustainability, which correspond to the three domains of data acquisition, clinical setting, and social environment. These themes and domains were schematized with detailed explanations of relevant ethical issues, concepts, and applications, such as explainability and accountability. Additionally, it is argued that conflicts between ethical principles should be resolved through deliberative democratic methods and a consensus building process.

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