의사조력자살을 둘러싼 윤리적 쟁점 - ‘조력존엄사’ 개정안을 중심으로 -
Ethical Issues with Physician-assisted Suicide in South Korea
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2022년 6월 발의된 연명의료결정법 개정안에는 ‘조력존엄사’를 허용하는 내용이 추가되었다. 개정안에서 사용한 ‘조력존엄사’는 일반적으로 말하는 ‘의사조력자살’이다. 안락사의 한 형태인 의사조력자살을 합법화하는 개정안을 둘러싸고 한국 사회에서 논의가 진행 중이다. 합법화를 통해 환자의 죽음에 대한 자기결정권이 보장될 수 있고 보다 존엄한 죽음을 맞이할 수 있다는 의견이 있다. 반면 현재 한국에서 의사조력자살에 대해서는 충분한 논의가 부족하고 사회적인 합의가 도출되었다고 보기 어려우며, 호스피스·완화의료 시스템 미비, 높은 자살률 등 좋은 죽음을 맞이하기 힘든 사회경제적 상황에서 의료제도 안에서의 자살을 합법화하는 것은 시기상조라는 주장도 있다. 본 논문에서는 이미 의사조력자살을 합법화한 국가의 사례들을 개괄하고, 한국 개정안의 논의점에 대해서 분석한다. 이를 통해 의사조력자살 합법화의 함의 및 합법화가 가져올 수 있는 사회적, 윤리적 영향에 대해 고찰한다.
Abstract
Discussions are currently underway in South Korean society about the possibility of legalizing physician-assisted suicide. There is an opinion that the legalization of physician-assisted suicide would guarantee patients’ right to a self-determined death and enable patients to die with dignity. Others contend that it would be premature at best to legalize physician-assisted suicide in South Korea since (a) there is no social consensus on the issue within Korean society, (b) the country lacks a well-established system of hospice and palliative care, and (c) the country has a relatively high suicide rate. This article analyzes several cases from countries that have already legalized physi-cian-assisted suicide in an attempt to identify the likely social and ethical implications of legalizing physician-assisted suicide in South Korea.
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