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사건중심성이 청소년기 부모사별을 경험한 초기 성인의 복잡성 사별비애와 외상후 성장에 미치는 영향: 외상화된 자기체계와 의미재구성의 매개효과

The Effects of Event Centrality on Complicated Grief and Posttraumatic Growth among Young Adults with Parental Bereavement during Adolescence: The Mediating Effect of Traumatized Self-system and Meaning Reconstruction

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초록

본 연구는 청소년기에 부모와 사별한 초기 성인의 복잡성 사별비애와 외상후 성장에 영향을 미치는 인지적 변인들을 탐색하였다. 특히 사건중심성이 복잡성 사별비애와 외상후 성장에 이르는 경로에서 외상화된 자기개념과 의미재구성의 매개효과를 3개월 단기 종단 설계를통해 검증하였다. 청소년기에 부모와 사별한 만 19세에서 29세의 성인들을 온라인을 통해 모집하고 설문을 실시하였다. 1차 설문에는 200 명이 참여했으며, 이 중 150명이 3개월 후에 실시된 2차 설문에 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 예측한 바와 같이 사건 중심성은 1차와 2차에 측정한 복잡성 사별비애와 외상후 성장 모두와 정적 상관이 있었다. 사건중심성이 복잡성 사별비애에 이르는 매개모델에서 외상화된 자기체계는 1차 복잡성 사별비애에 대해 매개효과가 있었지만, 2차 복잡성 사별비애에 대해서는 외상화된 자기체계와 의미재구성의 매개효과는 유의하지 않았다. 반면, 사건중심성이 외상후 성장에 이르는 매개모델에서 외상화된 자기체계와 의미재구성은 완전 매개효과가 있었다. 본연구 결과는 사건중심성은 복잡성 사별비애에 대해 직접적인 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인이며, 외상후 성장에 대해서는 매개변수를 통해 간접적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 외상화된 자기체계와 의미재구성은 사별의 부적응적 반응인 복잡성 사별비애를 낮추기 보다는 적응적 반응인 외상후 성장을 증진하는데 도움이 되는 변인임을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study examined the role of cognitive factors in complicated grief and posttraumatic growth in young adults who experienced parental death during adolescence. Specifically, using a three-month short-term longitudinal design, we examined the mediating role of meaning reconstruction and traumatized self-system in the effect of event centrality on complicated grief or posttraumatic growth. Adults aged 19 to 29 years who experienced parental death during adolescence were recruited for this study. Two hundred participants responded to the baseline online survey (Time 1), and 150 completed a follow-up survey after three months (Time 2). As expected, event centrality was positively associated with complicated grief or posttraumatic growth at Times 1 and 2. The test of a mediation model for complicated grief indicated that neither traumatized self-system nor meaning reconstruction mediated the relationship between event centrality and complicated grief at Time 2. However, higher levels of traumatized self-system were cross-sectionally associated with complicated grief at Time 1. Conversely, both traumatized self-system and meaning reconstruction significantly mediated the relationship between event centrality and posttraumatic growth at Time 2. These findings suggest that reducing traumatized self-system and enhancing meaning reconstruction could help develop posttraumatic growth whereas such intervention may not help reduce complicated grief longitudinally.

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