금속-금속 표면 접촉을 활용한 정전 소자
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Utilizing Metal-to-Metal Surface Contact
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초록
정전 소자는 기계적 에너지를 전기적 에너지로 바꿀 수 있는 소자로, 제작 공정이 간단하고 높은 전기적 출력을 발생시키는 장점이 부각되어 주목받고 있는 소자이다. 정전 소자가 소개된 이례 높은 출력으로 휴대형 전자기기를 충전할 수 있는 시스템이 소개되었으나, 최근 연구에서는 기체 항복과 전계 방출 현상으로 인한 출력의 한계가 보고되고 있다. 이와 같은 한계를 극복하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 금속-금속 표면 간 접촉을 활용하여 정전 소자에 이온 강화 전계 방출 현상과 전자 사태를 유도해 전자가 직접적으로 전극 사이를 흐를 수 있는 정전 소자 설계를 소개한다. 본 정전 소자의 출력은 평균 피크 개로 전압 340 V, 평균 피크 폐회로 전류 10 mA 정도로 측정되었고, 표면 전하 생성층의 표면 전하의 양에 따라 출력이 변화하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 정전 소자는 실효출력이 약 0.9 mW로, 기존 정전 소자에 비해 2.4배 높은 일률을 보였다. 본 정전 소자는 높은 출력을 통해 배터리, 커패시터 등을 사용하는 휴대형 전자기기 및 센서들을 독립적으로 충전시켜 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is one of the energy harvesting methods in spotlight that can convert mechanical energy into electricity. As TENGs produce high electrical output, previous studies have shown TENGs that can power small electronics independently. However, recent studies have reported limitations of TENG due to air breakdown and field emission. In this study, we developed a triboelectric nanogenerator that utilizes the metal-to-metal surface contact to induce ion-enhanced field emission and electron avalanche for electrons to flow directly between two electrodes. The average peak open-circuit voltage of this TENG was measured as 340 V, and average peak closed-circuit current was measured as 10 mA. The electrical output of this TENG has shown different value depending on the surface charge of surface charge generation layer. The TENG developed in this study have produced RMS power of 0.9 mW, which is 2.4 times higher compared to conventional TENGs. The TENG developed in this study can be utilized in charging batteries and capacitors to power portable electronics and sensors independently.
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