본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

전기자극 감응형 소프트 액추에이터의 최신 동향

Recent Advances in Electric Stimulus-Responsive Soft Actuators

1

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류재료공학

초록

최근 전기 활성 고분자 (EAP) 액추에이터는 그들의 유연성, 경량성, 그리고 단순한 제작 과정 덕분에 소프트 로봇, 생체 모방 기술, 웨어러블 장치, 햅틱 기술 등 다양한 분야에서 높은 활용도를 보여주고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 전기 활성 고분자 액추에이터들은 기능성 재료 및 혁신적 기술과의 결합을 통해 새로운 기능과 특성을 가진 스마트 소재로 발전하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 전기 활성 고분자를 이온성 전기 활성 고분자와 전기적 활성 고분자로 분류하였다. 이온성 전기 활성 고분자에는 대표적으로 이온성 금속 폴리머 복합체(IPMCs), 전도성 고분자 (CPs)가 소개되며, 전기적 활성 고분자에는 유전성 탄성체 액추에이터(DEAs), 강유전 고분자 액추에이터, 그리고 최근 발표된 유압증폭 자가치유 정전 (HASEL) 액추에이터가 소개된다. 각각의 액추에이터에 대한 메커니즘, 구조, 성능 개선 방안 및 기능성 추가 방법 및 응용 분야에 대한 내용을 최신 연구를 바탕으로 상세히 설명하였다.

Abstract

Recent advances in electro-active polymer (EAP) actuators, owing to their flexibility, lightweight, and simple fabrication process, have showcased their high utility across various fields such as soft robotics, biomimetics, wearable devices, and haptic technologies. Moreover, EAP actuators are evolving into smart materials with new functions and characteristics through the integration of functional materials and innovative technologies. This paper categorizes EAPs into ionic EAPs and electronic EAPs. Ionic EAPs include, most notably, ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) and conducting polymers (CPs), while electronic EAPs encompass dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), ferroelectric polymer actuators, and the recently introduced hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators. Detailed explanations based on the latest research are provided concerning the mechanism, structure, performance improvement strategies, methods for adding functionality, and application areas for each type of actuator.

참고문헌 (70)

  1. Shahinpoor, M., "Ionic polymer-metal composites : I. Fundamentals", Smart Materials and Structures, 10(4), pp.819~ (2001)
  2. Kim, K. J., "Ionic polymer-metal composites : II. Manufacturing techniques", Smart Materials and Structures, 12(1), pp.65~ (2003)
  3. Fukushima, T., "Fully plastic actuator through layer-by-layer casting with ionic-liquid-based bucky gel", Angewandte Chemie, 117(16), pp.2462~2465 (2005)
  4. Kotal, M., "Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped graphene electrodes for high-performance ionic artificial muscles", Advanced Materials(Deerfield Beach, Fla. ), 28(8), pp.1610~1615 (2016)
  5. Roy, S., "Collectively exhaustive electrodes based on covalent organic framework and antagonistic Co-doping for electroactive ionic artificial muscles", Advanced Functional Materials, 29(17), pp.1900161~ (2019)
  6. Umrao, S., "MXene artificial muscles based on ionically cross-linked Ti3C2Tx electrode for kinetic soft robotics", Science Robotics, 4(33), pp.eaaw7797~ (2019)
  7. Liu, L., "Ultralow-voltage-drivable artificial muscles based on a 3D structure MXene-PEDOT : PSS", AgNWs electrode, 2022, pp.14(16), 18150~18158
  8. Garai, M., "Metal organic framework-MXene nanoarchitecture for fast responsive and ultra-stable electro-ionic artificial muscles", Advanced Functional Materials, 33(10), pp.2212252~ (2023)
  9. Mahato, M., "A dual-responsive magnetoactive and electro-ionic soft actuator derived from a nickel-based metalorganic framework", Advanced Materials, 34(35), pp.2203613~ (2022)
  10. Raza, U., "Micro-structured porous electrolytes for highly responsive ionic soft actuators", Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical, 352, pp.131006~ (2022)
  11. Kim, O., "Fast low-voltage electroactive actuators using nanostructured polymer electrolytes", Nature communications, 4(1), pp.2208~ (2013)
  12. Nguyen, V. H., "Electroactive Artificial Muscles Based on Functionally Antagonistic Core-Shell Polymer Electrolyte Derived from PS-b-PSS Block Copolymer", Advanced Science, 6(5), pp.1801196~ (2019)
  13. Nguyen, V. H., "Functionally antagonistic polyelectrolyte for electro-ionic soft actuator", Nature Communications, 15(1), pp.435~ (2024)
  14. Wang, F., "Highly electro-responsive ionic soft actuator based on graphene nanoplatelets-mediated functional carboxylated cellulose nanofibers", Composites Science and Technology, 231, pp.109845~ (2023)
  15. Tabassian, R., "Graphene Mesh for Self-Sensing Ionic Soft Actuator Inspired from Mechanoreceptors in Human Body", Advanced Science, 6(23), pp.1901711~ (2019)
  16. Zhu, Z., "Electrically Reconfigurable Metasurfaces for Frequency Selective Transmission via IPMC Kirigami", Advanced Materials Technologies, 9(7), pp.2301879~ (2024)
  17. Otero, T. F., "Electrochemomechanical properties from a bilayer : polypyrrole", non-conducting and flexible material—artificial muscle, 1992, pp.341(1-2), 369~375
  18. Pei, Q., "Electrochemical muscles : bending strips built from conjugated polymers", Synthetic Metals, 57(1), pp.3718~3723 (1993)
  19. Torop, J., "Novel actuators based on polypyrrole", carbide-derived carbon hybrid materials, 2014, pp.80, 387~395
  20. Otero, T. F., "Construction and coulodynamic characterization of PPy-DBS-MWCNT", tape bilayer artificial muscles, 2016, pp.6(72), 68538~68544
  21. Pang, D., "A synergistic Ti3C2Tx", PPy bilayer electrochemical actuator, 2022, pp.583, 152403~
  22. Ting, M. S., "Soft conducting polymer polypyrrole actuation based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)hydrogels", Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical, 343, pp.130167~ (2021)
  23. Chen, X., "Electrochemically induced volume changes in poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)", Chemistry of Materials, 8(10), pp.2439~2443 (1996)
  24. Põldsalu, I., "Thin ink-jet printed trilayer actuators composed of PEDOT : PSS on interpenetrating polymer networks", Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical, 258, pp.1072~1079 (2018)
  25. Rohtlaid, K., "Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : Poly(styrene sulfonate)", polyethylene oxide electrodes with improved electrical and electrochemical properties for soft microactuators and microsensors, 2019, pp.5(4), 1800948~
  26. Taccola, S., "Thin film free-standing PEDOT : PSS", SU8 bilayer microactuators, 2013, pp.23(11), 117004~
  27. Zhang, P., "Micropipette-Based Fabrication of Free-Standing, Conducting Polymer Bilayer Actuators", Advanced Materials Technologies, 7(12), pp.2200686~ (2022)
  28. Tyagi, M., "Radially actuating conducting polymer microactuators as gates for dynamic microparticle sieve based on printed microfluidics", Sensors and Actuators B : Chemical, 382, pp.133448~ (2023)
  29. Temmer, R., "In search of better electroactive polymer actuator materials : PPy versus PEDOT versus PEDOT-PPy composites", Smart Materials and Structures, 22(10), pp.104006~ (2013)
  30. Gaihre, B., "Comparative displacement study of bilayer actuators comprising of conducting polymers, fabricated from polypyrrole, poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)or poly(3, 4-propylenedioxythiophene)", Sensors and Actuators A : Physical, 193, pp.48~53 (2013)
  31. Pelrine, R., "High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%", Science, 287(5454), pp.836~839 (2000)
  32. Lee, H., "A Study on the Fabrication of Flexible Composite Electrodes and Its Bonding Characteristics According to Surface Roughness", Composites Research, 27(6), pp.242~247 (2014)
  33. Pelrine, R., "High-field deformation of elastomeric dielectrics for actuators", Materials Science and Engineering : C, 11(2), pp.89~100 (2000)
  34. Ha, S. M., "Interpenetrating networks of elastomers exhibiting 300% electrically-induced area strain", Smart Materials and Structures, 16(2), pp.S280~ (2007)
  35. Yin, L., "Soft, tough, and fast polyacrylate dielectric elastomer for non-magnetic motor", Nature communications, 12(1), pp.4517~ (2021)
  36. Shi, Y., "A processable, highperformance dielectric elastomer and multilayering process", Science, 377(6602), pp.228~232 (2022)
  37. Pu, J., "A unimorph nanocomposite dielectric elastomer for large out-of-plane actuation", Science Advances, 8(9), pp.eabm6200~ (2022)
  38. Zhang, Y., "Electrical and mechanical self-healing in high-performance dielectric elasto mer actuator materials", Advanced Functional Materials, 29(15), pp.1808431~ (2019)
  39. Aksoy, B., "Reconfigurable and Latchable Shape-Morphing Dielectric Elastomers Based on Local Stiffness Modulation", Advanced Functional Materials, 30(27), pp.2001597~ (2020)
  40. Chortos, A., "3D printing of interdigitated dielectric elastomer actuators", Advanced Functional Materials, 30(1), pp.1907375~ (2020)
  41. Hwang, T., "Transparent actuator made with few layer graphene electrode and dielectric elastomer, for variable focus lens", Applied Physics Letters, 103(2) (2013)
  42. Keplinger, C., "Stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors", Science, 341(6149), pp.984~987 (2013)
  43. Jordi, C., "Scaling of planar dielectric elastomer actuators in an agonist-antagonist configuration", Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 161(1-2), pp.182~190 (2010)
  44. Murray, C., "Electro-adaptive microfluidics for active tuning of channel geometry using polymer actuators", Microfluidics and nanofluidics, 14, pp.345~358 (2013)
  45. Loverich, J. J., "Concepts for a new class of all-polymer micropumps", Lab on a Chip, 6(9), pp.1147~1154 (2006)
  46. Pei, Q., "Multiple-degrees-of-freedom electroelastomer roll actuators", Smart Materials and Structures, 13(5), pp.N86~ (2004)
  47. Son, J., "Skin-Mountable Vibrotactile Stimulator Based on Laterally Multilayered Dielectric Elastomer Actuators", Advanced Functional Materials, 33(23), pp.2213589~ (2023)
  48. Kim, D., "Design of an actuator using electroactive polymer(EAP)actuator with composite electrodes", Composites Research, 32(5), pp.211~215 (2019)
  49. Shintake, J., "Versatile soft grippers with intrinsic electroadhesion based on multifunctional polymer actuators", Advanced Materials, 28(2), pp.231~238 (2016)
  50. Ji, X., "Untethered feel-through haptics using 18-μm thick dielectric elastomer actuators", Advanced Functional Materials, 31(39), pp.2006639~ (2021)
  51. Zhu, Y., "3D-printed high-frequency dielectric elastomer actuator toward insect-scale ultrafast soft robot", ACS Materials Letters, 5(3), pp.704~714 (2023)
  52. Kawai, H., "The piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 8(7), pp.975~ (1969)
  53. Zhang, Q. M., "Giant electrostriction and relaxor ferroelectric behavior in electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)copolymer", Science, 280(5372), pp.2101~2104 (1998)
  54. Pabst, O., "All inkjet-printed piezoelectric polymer actuators : Characterization and applications for micropumps in lab-on-a-chip systems", Organic Electronics, 14(12), pp.3423~3429 (2013)
  55. Chen, X., "Relaxor ferroelectric polymer exhibits ultrahigh electromechanical coupling at low electric field", Science, 375(6587), pp.1418~1422 (2022)
  56. Shouji, Y., "Fast Response, High-Power Tunable Ultrathin Soft Actuator by Functional Piezoelectric Material Composite for Haptic Device Application", Advanced Electronic Materials, pp.2201040~ (2023)
  57. Acome, E., "Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators with muscle-like performance", Science, 359(6371), pp.61~65 (2018)
  58. Kellaris, N., "Peano-HASEL actuators : Muscle-mimetic, electrohydraulic transducers that linearly contract on activation", Science Robotics, 3(14), pp.eaar3276~ (2018)
  59. Kellaris, N., "An analytical model for the design of Peano-HASEL actuators with drastically improved performance", Extreme Mechanics Letters, 29, pp.100449~ (2019)
  60. Wang, X., "High-strain peano-HASEL actuators", Advanced Functional Materials, 30(7), pp.1908821~ (2020)
  61. Park, T., "Electrohydraulic actuator for a soft gripper", Soft Robotics, 7(1), pp.68~75 (2020)
  62. Rumley, E. H., "Biodegradable electrohydraulic actuators for sustainable soft robots", Science Advances, 9(12), pp.eadf5551~ (2023)
  63. Kanno, R., "Biodegradable electrohydraulic soft actuators", Advanced Intelligent Systems, 5(9), pp.2200239~ (2023)
  64. Yoder, Z., "A soft, fast and versatile electrohydraulic gripper with capacitive object size detection", Advanced Functional Materials, 33(3), pp.2209080~ (2023)
  65. Xiong, Q., "An Amphibious Fully-Soft Centimeter-Scale Miniature Crawling Robot Powered by Electrohydraulic Fluid Kinetic Energy", Advanced Science, 11(14), pp.2308033~ (2024)
  66. Leroy, E., "Multimode hydraulically amplified electrostatic actuators for wearable haptics", Advanced Materials, 32(36), pp.2002564~ (2020)
  67. Johnson, B. K., "A multifunctional soft robotic shape display with highspeed actuation, sensing, and control", Nature Communications, 14(1), pp.4516~ (2023)
  68. Wang, T., "A versatile jellyfish-like robotic platform for effective underwater propulsion and manipulation", Science Advances, 9(15), pp.eadg0292~ (2023)
  69. Mitchell, S. K., "An easy-to-implement toolkit to create versatile and high-performance HASEL actuators for untethered soft robots", Advanced Science, 6(14), pp.1900178~ (2019)
  70. Gravert, S., "Low-voltage electrohydraulic actuators for untethered robotics", Science Advances, 10(1), pp.eadi9319~ (2024)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (16건)