대구지하철 참사 경험 소방관의 외상 후 스트레스

Abstract

The firefighters in Daegu city had participated the subway fire disaster that took 340 casualities at 2003, are still experiencing posttraumatic stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjective types and structures of the posttraumatic stress in firefighters who experienced the Daegu subway fire disaster, to develop the Q-block as a assessment tool for types and to identity how types are actually existed in the firefighters. This study used Q-methodology that has been conducted by selecting the 44 statements as a Q sample finally. The analysis identified 3 types of posttraumatic stress :Emotional arousal trauma, Physiological symptom experience, trauma experience persistence.:(1)Emotional arousal trauma have a more mild symptom because they'd endeavored to decrease their stress by an active approach. But increased arousal reactions have been experienced continuously. (2)Physiological symptom experience have a physiological symptom brought by anxiety and strain from not managing the stress. (3)Trauma experience persistence have a trauma experience persistence state that they keep reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms, This type of firefighter have experienced the most severe posttraumatic stress symptom. Q-block is developed as a assessment tool for large size sample. Q-block contains Q1, Q2, Q3 questionnaire. The Q1-block contains My feeling with regard to the disaster is insensitivity. It seems that my feeling with regard to the disaster is insensitivity as time goes on. The stress has disappeared a little bit when I talked about the disaster. The Q2-block contains I have suffered from the muscular pain or migraine and always been tired after the disaster. It seems that the power of memory and concentration impaired gradually after the disaster. I have frequently suffered from bronchial symptoms and a cold sweat. The Q3-block contains I have tried to avoiding the situation and event that remind me of the disaster. I have been painful when the memory related to the disaster came across my mind suddenly without intent. I have avoided to tell about the disaster because family and friends should be worried about my job, a firefighter. 3 types were distributed into Emotional arousal trauma(52.4%), Trauma experience persistence(34.1%) and Physiological symptom experience(13.5%). Base on the result of this research, this study is showed that firefighters had experienced not only a reexperience of the accident, avoidance and increased hyperarousal symptoms by the diagnosis criteria of American Psychological Association, but also partial posttraumatic stress symptoms of various levels. The need for an institutional system is proposed to decrease posttraumatic stress and to cope with it appropriately through pattern analysis Also this study can help supply crucial data for the development of intervention program for whom suffer posttraumatic stress by firefighters through understanding subjectivity of posttraumatic stress.