북한의 사회 갈등에 대한 주민들의 인식: 정량적 접근

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the aspects and characteristics of the North Korean people's perception of social conflict in North Korea from various aspects. To this end, a survey was conducted on 218 North Korean defectors residing in South Korea from June to August 2020, and a quantitative analysis was conducted using the results. In addition, in order to compare the perceptions of North and South Korean residents, a survey was conducted on 500 South Korean residents during the same period and the results were used. In North Korea, class conflicts are the most serious, and respondents recognize that among class conflicts, △economic class conflicts and 'new class conflicts' are more serious than △political class conflicts and 'old class conflicts'. Then, comparing the two Koreas, in South Korea, the two conflicts, ideological conflict and class conflict, are the most serious, and regional/generational/gender conflicts are relatively less severe, but in North Korea only class conflicts are overwhelmingly serious. In addition, there was no difference between the two Koreas in that they pointed out the selfish tendency of “individuals and groups each pursuing only their own interests” as the largest cause of social conflict. Looking at the conflict with family and relatives, South Koreans perceive that conflict with their spouse, parents, and siblings is almost the same, while North Koreans perceive that conflict with their spouse is much greater. In addition, North Koreans believe that conflicts with the head of the people's group are the biggest among their neighbors, and the conflict with the head of the working group is the most in the workplace. Let's compare the perceptions of South and North Korean residents on the causes of conflict with family and relatives, conflict with neighbors, and conflict in the workplace. As the cause of conflict for South Korean residents, economic problems were not a very important factor, but it was a decisive factor for North Koreans. This is commonly applied to conflicts with family and relatives, conflicts with neighbors, and conflicts in the workplace. These characteristics of North Korea's social conflict reflect the changes in the North Korean economy and society after the economic crisis. In particular, as the generality of the marketization process and the North Korean specificity of the marketization process are added, the characteristics of North Korean social conflict are born.