중국 근대 거사불교와 태허(太虛)법사

Abstract

Layman Buddhism was popular in modern China as a major trend. In this paper, the occurrence of layman Buddhism has been examined from the time of the Late Qing Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, the activities of monks were constrained by a policy of strict control over Buddhism. Rather, Confucian scholars kept Buddhism, and the representative person was Péngjìqīng(彭際淸). Layman Buddhism, which started in earnest from the Péngjìqīng, was later succeeded by Gōngyáng school(公羊學派) such as Gōngzìzhēn(龔自珍), Weiyuan(魏源) and succeeded to Yángwénhuì(楊文會) and Ouyang Jingwu(歐陽竟無) in modern times. The Jinling Sutra Printing House (金陵刻經處) and the Chinese Inner Studies Institute(支那內學院), which they founded, became the center of layman Buddhism. In addition, a variety of layman Buddhist movements took place throughout China, and numerous groups such as ‘Jūshìlín(居士林)’ were established and some of them still inherit the tradition. On the other hand, Tàixūfăshī(太虛法師), the representative Buddhist reformist in modern times, established ‘Juéshè(覺社)’ and ‘Wǔchāng Fóxuéyuàn(武昌佛學院)’ with the layman Buddhists to reform the fallen Sangha community at the time. However, in protest against the ‘layman centered Buddhism’ of the Chinese Inner Studies Institute(支那內學院), he gradually emphasized the ‘Sangha centered Buddhism’. The idea of ‘Rénjiān Fójiào(人間佛敎)’ proposed by Tàixūfăshī(太虛法師) is significant in that it has confirmed the direction of modern Chinese Buddhism.