동산선의취득제도상 도품 및 유실물에 대한 특례의 문제에 관한 연구
Study on the Special Provision on Stolen or Lost Articles regarding bona fide Acquisition
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초록
본 연구는 우리 민법의 盜品, 遺失物에 對한 特例에 관한 문제들을 검토대상으로 삼고있다. 이를 규율하는 우리 민법 제250조를 해석함에 있어서 우리의 判例와 多數說은 占有 離脫物의 선의의 양수인이 소유권을 취득하는 것으로 파악하고 있다. 만약 被害者 혹은 遺 失者가 盜品, 遺失物의 반환을 2년의 기간 내에 요구하면 이 물건의 소유권을 취득한 양수인이 반환을 하여야만 한다. 이 경우 피해자, 유실자가 행사하는 返還請求權이 과연 어떠한法的 性質을 갖는 것인지 현재 논리적으로 명확하게 밝혀진바 없다. 나아가 우리의 판례와다수설이 비교법적으로 독일, 프랑스, 스위스 및 오스트리아의 입장과는 다른 도품, 유실물의 所有權歸屬에 관한 입장을 취하고 있어서, 이에 관한 면밀한 검토가 필요한 상황이다. 본고에서는 이러한 문제들에 대한 해결책을 제시하고자 法歷史的 觀點과 比較法的 視角에서 독일, 프랑스, 스위스 및 오스트리아의 입법례와 견해들을 우리법과 비교한다. 그 결과우리 민법의 動産善意取得制度가 善意의 讓受人保護에만 置重하고 있다는 결과를 도출하고 있다. 이러한 전반적인 논의를 우리 民法 改定時 고려할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.
Abstract
“If a person who peaceably and openly was assigned a movable, had possession of it in good faith and without negligence, he shall acquire its ownership immediately even if the assigner is not a legal owner.” This section 249 of the Korean Civil Code admits the so called bona fide acquisition of movables. However, if the movable mentioned in section 249 of the Korean Civil Code is a stolen or lost article, the injured party or loser may demand the return of the article within two years from the time when the article was stolen or lost (section 250 of the Korean Civil Code). According to the prevailing opinion in Korean law the bona fide purchaser acquires the ownership of a stolen or lost article. In case of a claim for return of the injured party or loser within these two years the bona fide purchaser loses the ownership. In addition, if the assignee has bought the stolen or lost article in good faith at a sale by auction, in a public market, or from a merchant selling articles of the same kind, the injured party or loser may demand the recovery of the article after he reimburses the assignee for the price paid for it (section 251 of the Korean Civil Code). The special provisions on stolen and lost articles in the Korean Civil Code are similar to the regulations in the French Civil Code and Swiss Civil Code. The German Civil Code admits the good faith acquisition from a person not entitled, unless the article is stolen from the owner, missing or has been lost in any other way. This study clarifies the origin as well as the historical development of the good faith acquisition in order to understand the intention of the legislator and interpret the regulations accordingly. Furthermore, the research with respect to the above mentioned foreign legislations enables a comparative analysis of the Korean provisions. The author questions and does not agree with the prevailing opinion in Korean law. He proposes to consider the results of the historical and comparative research results of this study in case of an amendment of the Korean Civil Code.
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