1801년(순조 1) ‘辛酉獄事’의 시작과 변화 樣相－李家煥ㆍ李基讓 추국 사건과 周文謨 神父 추국 관련 『推案及鞫案』을 중심으로－

Abstract

During the Joseon dynasty, Confucianism was considered as ‘Jeonghak(正學, Legitimate Studies),’ while others were deemed evil or false(‘Sahak, 邪學’). Then in the 8th year of King Jeongjo(正祖)’s reign, Yi Seung-hun(李承薰) was baptized in China, and brought a considerable amount of ‘Seohak(西學, Western Studies)’ books and items to Joseon upon his return. Seven years later, in King Jeongjo’s 15th year, the “Yun Ji-chung(尹持忠)-Gweon Sang-yeon(權尙然) Incident” occurred, prompting the Joseon government to issue a ban on false Western studies and activities, in fear of their further spreading. After this incident, Yi Ga-hwan, Jeong Yag-yong and Yi Seung-hun are known to have changed their minds[“Hyeokshim, 革心”]. Then, in Jeongjo’s 19th year, Priest Ju Munmo(周文謨) came to Joseon and began his missionary works. The Podo-cheong office of Joseon failed to apprehend him, in a fiasco known as the “Eulmyo-year failure to capture(乙卯失捕事件).” With this incident, Yi Ga-hwan, who had been aligned with the Chae Je-gong line of the Southerner party, was politically attacked by officials who were allegedly “Against the West(Gongseo-pa, 攻西派),” and was accused to be one “With the West(Shinseo-pa, 信西派).” After King Jeongjo died, the Shin’yu-year Purge(‘辛酉獄事’) broke out in 1801(1st year of King Sunjo’s reign). The Saheon-bu(司憲府) office had called for[臺啓] the prosecution of Yi Ga-hwan, and interrogation began. Ordinarily interrogations involving ‘False studies(邪學)’ would seek confessions from potential offenders for their crimes of spreading wicked or vicious remarks(妖言) or written accusations(妖書) to mislead or delude people, and judge them accordingly, to have them punished by law. Yet during the Shin’yu-year Purge, nature of the Yi Ga-hwan interrogation shifted, as while it began as an interrogation of the Shinseo-pa faction and the Chae Je-gong line within the Southerner party, it turned into an investigation of whether or not he had allied with Hong Nag-im(洪樂任), an in-law member of the royal family, and after Priest Ju Munmo gave himself up, the interrogation yet again turned into an attack on members of the royal family(宗親), as well as the Shipa(時派) faction within the Noron, Soron, So-Bug’in parties.