거조암 『오백성중청문』을 통해 본 한국의 오백나한 의례

Abstract

Arhat ( Arahan , shortly Nahan in Korean ) is the Buddha ’ s disciple who obtained the state of enlightenment , the Arhat hierarchy . In the Arhat cult , they are either a group of sixteen , eighteen or five hundred . Among the Arhats , Five Hundred Arhats are maximized compose of Arht ’ s power . The Arhat ritual makes one understand the characteristic and the hierarchy of Arhat . Obaeksungjoongchungmun (五百聖衆請文) , Text on Inviting Five Hundred Holy Ones of Keojoam (居祖庵) Temple is representative Arhat , especially Five Hubdred Arhat ritual book of Korea , witten by the monk , Youngpa Sunggyu (影波 聖奎) in 1805. Keojoam is located in Yeongcheon , Gyeongsangbukdo Province and belongs to EunHaesa Temple . The introduction of the book contains circumstances of the temple around 1800 s of Joseon , reconstruction of the Hall , Youngsanjeon and the Five Hundred Arhat statues , need of ritual and the text , and acquisition process of the ritual book written by the Great Monk Muhak (無學大師) from Goryeo Dynasty at Seokwangsa Temple (釋王寺) in Anbyeon (安邊) . The main sentences consist of request deities and the orders , Shakyamuni Triad , Arhats , Buddhist Guardians , the Massengers of the Underworlds . In case of Arhats , it is written in the order of Ten disciples , Sixteen Arhats , and Five Hundred Arhats . The Compose of deites in Obaeksungjoongchungmun (五百聖衆請文) corresponds to the ones of Five Hundred Arhat Hall to Joseon from Goryeo such as Five Hundred Arhats painting of Goryeo at Chionin Temple (知恩院) , Sculptures at Youngsanjeon Hall of Keojoam Temple , Eungjinjeon Hall of Girimsa Temple (祇林寺) in Gyeongju , Obaekjeon Hall of Jeungsimsa Temple (證心寺) in Gwangju , and Nahajeon hall of Songkwangsa Temple (松 廣寺) in Wanju . Another Text of similar content and composition written in 1728 is also in Girimsa Temple (祇林寺) . Also , when we look at the tradition of Nahan faith and ritual in the Goryeo period , it also matches its character . Therefore , We can see that the book , Obaeksungjoongchungmun (五百 聖衆請文) is the norm of the compose , place and the ritual of the Arhats , especially Five Hundred Ones . Furthermore , Through the book Obaeksungjoongchungmun (五百聖衆請文) , we can see the Korean Arhat worship and ritual inherited from Goryeo to Joseon .