근대 일본선종과 군국주의 -전쟁선(戰爭禪) 사상을 중심으로-

Abstract

This study is a reflective study of the history that modern Japanese Zen Buddhism came to concentrated on nationalism and fell into the world of militarism and fascism. Modern Japanese Buddhism created so-called Senjikyōgaku and encouraged its believers to participate in the war. It was a serious distortion of illegalities and, at the same time, an act of betraying one's doctrine. the Zen Buddhism was also same. They established the basis for Senjikyōgaku through the 「Sotōshū-susyōgi」, which was the daily guide for the believers in the early modern times. The legitimacy of the Zen Buddhism participating in the wars against foreign powers was achieved through this process of socializing the doctrine like this. In this paper, taking a step further, it will seek Sentō-zen that is deeply related to Senjikyōgaku. The thought of Sentō-zen is based on Bushido, a Japanese tradition. Bushi (the warrior) including the power-holders in Bakuhu which opened the Japanese middle ages was formed the special social class. In the Edo period thast the society became stable, the various guidelines for warriors were emerging. One of them is 『Hagakure』. The Buddhist view of life and death influenced the content, but the teachings of Buddhist ahimsa did not. This was no different in the modern era when the regime changed and turned into imperialism. The Sentō-zen that deserves criticism has ethical limitations fundamentally. There are three ways at the point. First, it is modern feudalism with the Japanese emperor at its peak. The Zen Buddhism gave the justification for the ideology of modern countries as supporting Kokutairon as in other Buddhists. Secondly, it is a logic affirming the war as Issatsutashō, that’s is a logic of killing one person saves the majority. This is what brought down the Buddhist tradition, the ahimsa system. Finally, this is the denial of real ethics through the transcendence of self. It is that the justice of Buddhism, that is deconstructing of false and reveal of truth, was broken down by ignoring all irrationality and injustice and falling into the ideal world of Zen. Like this, the ethics of the Japanese Zen Buddhism was destroyed within the modern state system.