표적 위치의 불확실성과 표적 가시성이 주의깜박거림 강도에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Location Uncertainty and Visibility of Targets on the Strength of Attentional Blink
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초록
주의깜박거림(AB)이란 시야의 고정 위치에 신속순차제시(RSVP)되는 항목들 중에 출현하는 두 표적에 대해 후행 표적(T2)이 선행 표적(T1)의 출현 이후 약 500ms 이내에 출현할 경우 그에 대한 의식적 수준의 보고가 어려워지는 현상을 의미한다. 본 연구는 T1 기억공고화에 요구되는 주의자원량이 T2에 대한 AB 강도를 결정한다는 병목 모형을 토대로 T1에 대한 표적 가시성 처치가 T2에 대한 주의깜박거림의 강도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. T1 저가시성 조건의 경우 T1에 배경화면과의 명암대비가 낮은 회색을 그리고 T1 고가시성 조건의 경우 선명한 색상을 부여해 흰색의 나머지 방해자극들과 구분되도록 처치하였다. 또한 표적 위치에 대한 불확실성 부여를 위해 시야의 네 위치에 전개되는 다중 RSVP 배열 내에 T1과 T2를 제시해 표적 처리에 관여하는 주의 자원을 평균적으로 소진시켰다. 두 편의 실험에서 T2에 대한 AB의 강도는 고가시성 조건에서 상대적으로 큰 것이 관찰되었으며 T2의 가시성을 증가시켰을 때 T1 가시성 처치의 영향력이 더욱 분명해졌다. 이러한 결과는 T1 병목 해소를 위해 할당되는 가용한 주의 자원의 양이 부족할수록 더욱 T1 가시성 효과의 영향력이 분명해짐을 시사하며, T1의 가시성 수준이 T1 병목의 강도를 결정할 수 있다는 병목 모형의 제안을 지지한다.
Abstract
Attentional blink (AB) refers to the phenomena where conscious report for a target (T2) subsequent to the first target (T1) in a stream of items under rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) becomes difficult if the T2 follows no later than 500ms after the T1. The present study examined the effect of T1 visibility on T2 AB strength according to the bottleneck account proposing that the amount of allocated resources for T1 memory consolidation determines the strength of AB against T2. In the low-visibility condition, the T1 had a gray color for a low stimulus contrast against the black background whereas had a bright and saturated color in the high-visibility condition. In both visibility conditions, the T1 was also highly distinct from the remaining distractors. A multi-RSVP method was also used for increasing location uncertainty of the targets supposedly consuming on average attentional resources for the targets. Two experiments revealed that AB strength was more intense in the low-visibility than high-visibility condition, and the pattern of difference went more pronounced if T2 visibility was improved. The results indicate that T1 visibility can affect more strongly when attentional resources are relatively lacking for resolving the T1 bottleneck, and support for the bottleneck account proposing that the level of T1’s visibility can determine the intensity of the T1 bottleneck.
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