풍경 그림에서 전형적인 정보의 삭제 방법이 오기억에 미치는 영향
Effects of the Manner of Deleting Typical Items in a Scene on False Memory
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
풍경 그림을 사용하여 도식이 기억에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 즉시 검사를 실시하여 부호화할 때 도식이 기억에 미치는 영향을 알아보았고, 실험 2에서는 3일 지연 검사를 실시하여 파지기간 동안 도식이 기억에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 두 실험 모두에서 제시시간(250ms vs 10000ms)을 다르게 하고 목표 미끼를 생략하는 조건과 목표 미끼를 다른 물건으로 대체하는 조건으로 항목의 축어적 정보 부호화를 조작하였다. 특히 생략과 대체 조건을 비교하여 도식에 기반한 기대라는 하향정보와 특정항목에 대한 상향정보가 기억에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 두 개의 실험에서 전형적인 항목에 대한 오기억은 지연검사에서도 별 변화가 없는데 반해 학습 항목에 대한 기억은 감소하였으며, 오기억은 생략조건에서 더 많이 보고되었으나, 비전형 항목에 대한 기억은 대체조건에서 더 많이 보고되었다. 이 결과는 도식에 기반한 오기억은 비교적 지속적이며, 도식에 의한 기대라는 하향 정보가 상향 정보와 충돌이 일어날 때에는 오기억이 감소한다는 사실을 보여 주었다.
Abstract
The effects of schema on accurate and false memories of items in a scene were investigated in two experiments: Recognition of items in a scene was tested immediately in Experiment 1 and three days later in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the following three variables were manipulated: Exposure time (250ms or 10000ms), picture mode (completed pictures or scrambled pictures), and manipulation mode (missing item or substituted item). Experiment 1 had yielded three important results: First, although accurate memory for presented items got increased when the exposure time was longer, false memory of the critical lures was not changed. Second, false memory of critical lures in the missing condition, where there was not any conflict between verbatim information and gist information, was higher than that of the substituted condition, where verbatim information of the item that replaced the lure was in conflict with the gist information. Third, accurate memory for atypical items in the substituted condition, which had replaced the critical lures and in conflict with the schema, was higher than that in the missing condition. In Experiment 2, recognition test were administered 72 hours after the participants saw the picture. The three effects mentioned in Experiment 1 had disappeared in Experiment 2. The results of Experiment 2 might be due to the selective weakening of verbatim information compared to the persistence of the gist (or schematic) information. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that false memory of critical lures is more persistent than the accurate memory of non-critical information. Theoretical implications of the results were considered in terms of the function of the verbatim and gist information.
참고문헌 (32)
- 박미자, "인지부하가 오기억에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 16(1), pp.111~130 (2004), 한국인지및생물심리학회
- ". Recall of previously unrecallable information following a shift in perspective. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior", pp.1~12 (1978)
- ". On the schematics of a glance at a scene. In M. Kubovy & J. R. Pomerantz", pp.213~253 (1981)
- ". Scripts in memory for text. Cognitive Psychology", pp.177~220 (1979)
- "Recollection rejection: How children edit their false memories", 38, pp.156~172 (2002)
- "Are children's false memories more persistent than their true memories?", 6, pp.359~364 (1995)
- "Recollection rejection: False-memory editing in children and adults", 110, pp.762~784 (2003)
- ". Role of schemata in memory for places. Cognitive Psychology", pp.207~230 (1981)
- "Escape from illusion: Reducing false memories", 4, pp.391~397 (2000)
- "The role of knowledge in automatised encoding and memory for gist. Journal of Experimental Psychology", pp.316~355 (1979)
- "Attentional allocation during the perception of scenes", 30, pp.760~777 (2004)
- ". Recognition memory for typical and atypical actions in scripted activities Tests of a script pointer + tag hypothesis. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior", pp.319~332 (1979)
- "Does consistent scene context facilitate object perception?", 127, pp.398~413 (1998)
- "Object identification isolated from scene semantic constraint: Evidence from object type and token discrimination", 102, pp.319~343 (1999)
- "Testing a conceptual locus for the inconsistent object change detection advantage in real-world scenes", 31, pp.930~940 (2003)
- ". Looking at pictures but remembering scenes. Journal of Experimental Psychology"
- "Pictorial encoding reduces false recognition of semantic associates", 4, pp.577~581 (1997)
- "Recollections of things schematic: Room schemas revisited", 27, pp.1211~1222 (2001)
- "False memories and source monitoring framework: Reply to Reyna and Lloyd(1997)", 12, pp.145~161 (2000)
- "Evaluating characteristics of false memories: Remember", know judgments and memory characteristics questionnaire compared, 1997, pp.25, 826~837
- "The persistence of false memories in list recall", 35, pp.212~230 (1996)
- "Creating false memories for visual scenes", 36, pp.513~520 (1998)
- ". Developmental differences in the role of detail in picture recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology", pp.807~815 (1982)
- "Recognizing added and deleted details. Journal of Experimental Psychology", pp.468~476 (1988)
- ". Memory for real-world scenes The role of consistency with schema expectation. Journal of Experimental Psychology", pp.587~595 (1989)
- "Memory illusions: Recalling, recognizing, and recollecting events that never occurred", 35, pp.261~285 (1996)
- "Fuzzy-trace theory: An interim synthesis", 7, pp.1~75 (1995)
- "Theories of false memory in children and adults", 9, pp.95~123 (1997)
- "Spreading activation and arousal of false memories", pp.95~115 (2001), Wasington, DC: American Psychological Association
- "False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words: Effects of retention interval and level of processing", 29, pp.424~432 (2001)
- "Recall accuracy and illusory memories: When more is less", 7, pp.233~256 (1999)
- "University of Leuven Laboratory of Experimental Psychology." (1994)