시각작업기억 표상에 대한 고정해상도 슬롯 모형과 탄력적 자원 모형 사이의 쟁점에 대한 개관
A Review of the Debates between Fixed-Resolution Slot and Flexible-Resource Models
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 시각작업기억의 표상 특성에 대해 상반되는 주장을 펼치고 있는 고정해상도 슬롯 모형과 탄력적 자원 모형을 개관하고, 두 모형 간 상충을 해소하기 위한 노력이 필요함을 강조하였다. 이를 위해 고정해상도 슬롯과 탄력적 자원 모형을 태동시킨 객체 및 병렬 저장 가설을 살펴보고 두 모형의 상반되는 주장에 대한 이론적 근거를 소개하였다. 다음으로 두 모형을 지지한 구체적인 연구 사례를 통해 경험적 지지 증거의 객관성을 평가하고 관련 신경생리학적 모형에 대한 이해를 시도하였다. 마지막으로 두 모형 간의 상충을 해소하기 위한 이론적 그리고 방법론적 재고와 이를 달성하기 위한 수렴적 증거 확보의 필요성을 강조하였다
Abstract
The presnt study reviewed two contrasting models, fixed-resolution slot versus flexible-resource hypotheses, for the representational characteristics of visual working memory (VWM), and emphasized the necessary efforts for resolving their conflicting arguments. To accomplish this goal, the review explored the background hypotheses of the object-based versus parallel independent storage models, and introduced theoretical bases for their contrasting claims. The review then evaluated validity of empirical evidence provided in the studies to support each model, and attempted an understanding of their neurophysiological background. The study further emphasized the necessity of theoretical and methodological reconsiderations to resolve their conflict as well as the necessity of obtaining converging pieces of evidence to accomplish the resolution.
참고문헌 (79)
- 김대규, "스트룹 간섭에 의한 시각작업기억의 왜곡 현상", 인지과학, 26(1), pp.27~51 (2015), 한국인지과학회
- 현주석, "기억 표상과 지각적 입력 간 비교 과정을 통해 본 시각작업기억 표상의 특성", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 21(4), pp.265~282 (2009), 한국인지및생물심리학회
- 현주석, "행동적 연구 사례에 근거한 시각작업기억의 이해", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 23(1), pp.45~90 (2011), 한국인지및생물심리학회
- Abrahamsen, A., "Conteporary Debate in Cognitive Science" (2006), MIT Press
- Alvarez, G. A., "The capacity of visual short-term memory is set both by information load and by number of objects", Psychological Science, 15, pp.106~111 (2004)
- Anderson, J. R., "How can human mind occur in the physical universe?" (2007), Oxford University Press
- Averbach, E., "Short-term memory in vision", Bell System Technical Journal, 40, pp.309~328 (1961)
- Awh, E., "Visual working memory represents a fixed number of items regardless of complexity", Psychological Science, 18(7), pp.622~628 (2007)
- Bays, P. M., "Spikes not slots : noise in neural populations limits working memory", Trends in Cognitive Science, 19(8), pp.431~438 (2015)
- Bays, P. M., "The precision of visual working memory is set by allocation of a shared resource", Journal of Vision, 9(10), pp.1~11 (2009)
- Bays, P. M., "Dynamic shift of limited working memory resources in human vision", Science, 321, pp.851~854 (2008)
- Bengson, J. J., "Effects of strategy on visual working memory capacity", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
- Brady, T. F., "Hierarchical Encoding in Visual Working Memory", Psychological Science, 22(3), pp.384~392 (2011)
- Brady, T. F., "No evidence for a fixed object limit in working memory: spatial ensemble representations inflate estimates of working memory capacity for complex objects", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 41(3), pp.921~929 (2014)
- Brady, T. F., "A review of visual memory capacity : Beyond individual items and toward structured representations", Journal of Vision, 11(5), pp.1~34 (2011)
- Brady, T. F., "Visual long-term memory has a massive storage capacity for object details", Procedings of the National Academy of Science, 105(38), pp.14325~14329 (2008)
- T. F. Brady, "Visual Long-Term Memory Has the Same Limit on Fidelity as Visual Working Memory", Psychological Science, 24(6), pp.981~990 (2013), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Chun, M., "Interactions between attention and memory", Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 17(2), pp.177~184 (2007)
- Coltheart, M., "Iconic memory and visible persistence", Perception and Psychophysics, 27, pp.183~228 (1980)
- Coltheart, M., "The persistence of vision", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, (290), pp.57~69 (1980)
- Cowan, N., "The magical number 4 in short-term memory : A reconsideration of mental storage capacity", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, pp.87~185 (2001)
- Donkin, C., "Discrete-slots models of visual working-memory response times", Psychological Review, 120(4), pp.873~902 (2013)
- Donkin, C., "Landscaping analyses of the ROC predictions of discrete-slots and signal-detection models of visual working memory. Attention", Perception & Psychophysics, 76(7), pp.2103~2116 (2013)
- Engel, A. K., "Synchronization of oscillatory neuronal responses between striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas of the cat", Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 88, pp.6048~6052 (1991)
- Fine, M. S., "Visual salience affects performance in a working memory task", The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(25), pp.8016~8021 (2009)
- Fougnie, D., "What are the units of storage in visual working memory?", Journal of Vision, 10(12), pp.1~11 (2010)
- Griffin, I. C., "Orienting attention to locations in internal representations", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, pp.1176~1194 (2003)
- Hollingworth, A., "Failures of retrieval and comparison constrain change detection in natural scenes", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 29, pp.388~403 (2003)
- Huang, L., "Visual working memory is better characterized as a distributed resource rather than discrete slots", Journal of Vision, 10(14) (2010)[DOI]
- Joo-seok Hyun, "The comparison of visual working memory representations with perceptual inputs.", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 35(4), pp.1140~1160 (2009), American Psychological Association (APA)[DOI]
- Jiang, Y., "Organization of visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning", Memory & Cognition, 2, pp.683~702 (2000)
- Johnson, J. S., "A dynamic neural field model of visual working memory and change detection", Psychological Science, 20(5), pp.568~577 (2009)
- Johnson, J., "Beyond slots and resources : Grounding cognitive concepts in neural dynamics. Attention", Perception & Psychophysics, 76, pp.1630~1654 (2014)
- Kahana, M. J., "Recognizing spatial patterns : a noisy examplar approach", Vision Research, 42, pp.2177~2192 (2002)
- Kuo, B. C., "Attention modulates maintenance of representations in visuial short-term memory", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(1), pp.51~60 (2012)
- Lin, P. -H., "The influence of similarity on visual working memory representations", Visual Cognition, 17(3), pp.356~372 (2009)
- Luck, S. J., "Visual Memory" (2008), Oxford University Press
- Luck, S. J., "Visual working memory capacity : from psychophysics and neurobiology ot individual differences", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(8), pp.391~400 (2013)
- Luck, S. J., "The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions", Nature, 390, pp.279~281 (1997)
- Ma, W. J., "Changing concepts of working memory", Nature Neuroscience, 17(3), pp.347~356 (2014)
- Arien Mack, "Inattentional blindness: looking without seeing", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), pp.180~184 (2003), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Magnussen, S., "Low-level memory processes in vision", Trends in Cognitive Science, 23(6), pp.247~251 (2000)
- Magnussen, S., "Parallel processing in visual short-term memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 22, pp.202~212 (1996)
- Matsukura, M., "Location-specific effects of attention during visual short-term memory maintenance", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 40(3), pp.1103~1116 (2014)
- Matsukura, M., "Selection of multiple cued items is possible during visual short-term memory maintenance. Attention", Perception & Psychophysics, 77, pp.1625~1646 (2015)
- A. M. Murray, "Attention Restores Discrete Items to Visual Short-Term Memory", Psychological Science, 24(4), pp.550~556 (2013), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Olson, I. R., "Is visual short-term memory object based? Rejection of the"strong-object"hypothesis", Perception and Psychophysics, 64, pp.1055~1067 (2002)
- Orhan, A. E., "Neural population coding of multiple stimuli", The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(9), pp.3825~3841 (2015)
- Potter, M. C., "Short-term conceptual memory for pictures", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Learning and Memory, 2, pp.509~522 (1976)
- Rouder, J. N., "An assessment of fixed-capacity models of visual working memory", Procedings of the National Academy of Science, 105(16), pp.5975~5979 (2008)
- Schmidt, B. K., "Voluntary and involuntary attentional control of visual working memory", Perception and Psychophysics, 64, pp.754~763 (2002)
- Daniel J. Simons, "Change blindness", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1(7), pp.261~267 (1997), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Simons, Daniel J., "Attentional capture and inattentional blindness", Trends in cognitive sciences, 4(4), pp.147~155 (2000)
- Souza, A. S., "Focused attention improves working memory: implications for flexible-resource and discrete-capacity models", Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 76, pp.2080~2102 (2014)
- Souza, A. S., "Unloading and reloading working memory : attending to one item frees capacity", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception & Performance, 40(3), pp.1237~1256 (2014)
- Sperling, G., "The information available in brief visual presentations", Psychological Monographs, 74 (1960)
- Stirk, J. A., "Low-level visual saliency does not predict change detection in natural scenes", Journal of Vision, 7(10), pp.1~10 (2007)
- Suchow, J. W., "Terms of the debate on the format and structure of visual memory. Attention", Perception & Psychophysics, 76(7), pp.2071~2079 (2014)
- Thiele, J. E., "On perfect working-memory performance with large number of items", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18, pp.958~963 (2011)
- Todd, J. J., "Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex", Nature, 428, pp.751~754 (2004)
- Van den Berg, R., ""Plateau"-related summary stataistics are uninformative for comparing working memory models. Attention", Perception &Psychophysics, 76, pp.2117~2135 (2014)
- Van den Berg, R., "Variability in encoding precision accounts for visual short-term memory limitations", Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 109(22), pp.8780~8785 (2012)
- van Moorselaar, D., "Rapid influences of cued visual memories on attentional guidance", Annals of the New York Academic of Science, 1339, pp.1~10 (2015)
- VanRullen, R., "Competition and selection during visual processing of natural scenes and objects", Journal of Vision, 3(1), pp.75~85 (2003)
- Vogel, E. K., "Neural activity predicts individual differences in visual working memory capacity", Nature, 428, pp.748~751 (2004)
- Vogel, E. K., "Storage of features, conjunctions and objects in visual working memory", J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 27(1), pp.92~114 (2001)
- Vogel, E. K., "The time course of consolidation in visual working memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 32(6), pp.1436~1451 (2006)
- Wei, Z., "From distributed resources to limited slots in multiple-item working memory : A spiking network model with normalization", The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(33), pp.111228~111240 (2012)
- Wheeler, M., "Binding in short-term visual memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 131, pp.48~64 (2002)
- Wilken, P., "A detection theory account of change detection", Journal of Vision, 4, pp.1120~1135 (2004)
- Woodman, G. F., "Fractionating working memory : Consolidation and maintenance are independent processes", Psychological Science, 16(2), pp.106~113 (2005)
- Woodman, G. F., "Perceptual organization influences visual working memory", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10, pp.80~87 (2003)
- Wolfe, J., "Is visual attention required for robust picture memory?", Vision Research, 47(7), pp.955~964 (2007)
- Xu, Y., "Encoding color and shape from different parts of an object in visual short-term memory", Perception and Psychophysics, 64, pp.1260~1280 (2002)
- Xu, Y., "Limitations of object-based feature encoding in visual short-term memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 28, pp.458~468 (2002)
- Xu, Y., "Dissociable neural mechanisms supporting visual short-term memory for objects", Nature, 440, pp.91~95 (2006)
- Zhang, W., "Discrete fixed-resolution representations in visual working memory", Nature, 453, pp.233~235 (2008)
- Zhang, W., "Sudden death and gradual decay in wisual working memory", Psychological Science, 20(4), pp.423~428 (2009)
- Zhang, W., "Slot-like versus continuous representations in visual working memory", Journal of Vision, 3, pp.681a~ (2003)
