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아동기 외상 경험과 외상 후 스트레스 증상의 관계: 자전적 기억 과일반화의 매개효과

The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Overgeneral Autobiographical Memory

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초록

본 연구는 아동기 외상 경험 수준 및 유형에 따른 자전적 기억 과일반화의 차이를 확인하고, 자전적 기억 과일반화가 아동기 외상 경험과 외상 후 스트레스 증상의 관계를 매개하는지 검증하였다. 2021년 4월부터 6월까지 만 19세 이상 성인을 대상으로 온라인 기반 자전적 기억 검사 및 설문을 실시하였고, 총 130명의 자료를 분석하였다. 독립표본 t 검정 결과, 자전적 기억 과일반화 수준은 아동기 외상 경험 수준이 높은 집단에서 낮은 집단에 비해 더 높았다. 또한 아동기 외상 경험 유형을 학대(n=22), 일반외상(n=8), 중복외상(n=44), 비 경험(n=23)으로 구분하여 일원변량분석을 실시한 결과, 중복외상 집단이 비 경험 집단에 비해 더 높은 특정 기억 회상의 어려움을 보였다. 마지막으로 PROCESS macro를 통한 매개 효과 검증 결과, 아동기 외상 경험은 높은 자전적 기억 과일반화 수준과 관계가 있었고, 이는 높은 외상 후 스트레스 증상과 관계가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 자전적 기억 과일반화를 감소시키는 개입이 아동기 외상 경험으로 인한 외상 후 스트레스 증상 완화에 효과적일 가능성을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether overgeneral autobiographical memory differs according to the level and type of adverse childhood experience and examine the mediating effects of overgeneral autobiographical memory on the relation between adverse childhood experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms. An online-based autobiographical memory test and survey were conducted April to June 2021 and data from 130 participants were analyzed. An independent samples t-test result showed that groups experiencing high levels of adverse childhood experiences showed a higher level of overgeneral autobiographical memory than those experiencing low levels of adverse childhood experiences. The adverse childhood experience types were categorized into abuse (n=22), general trauma (n=8), multi-type trauma (n=44), and non-experience (n=23), and one-way ANOVA and results showed that the multi-type trauma group had a difficulty recalling specific memories compared to the group with no adverse experience. Finally, PROCESS Macro analysis indicated that adverse childhood experiences were related to high levels of overgeneral autobiographical memory, which in turn, was related to high levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms. This study’s results suggest that reducing overgeneral autobiographical memory may mitigate post-traumatic stress symptoms in individuals with adverse childhood experiences.

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