본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

중고령 성인의 자기통제력이 외로움에 미치는 영향: 사회적 배제와 좌절된 소속감의 매개효과

The Impact of Self-Control on Loneliness among Middle-aged and Older Adults: The Mediating Effects of Social Exclusion and Thwarted Belongingness

김주현|최원일|노수림
한국건강심리학회 (Korean Health Psychological Association)|2024.01|한국심리학회지: 건강 (Korean Journal of Health Psychology)|제29권 제1호|pp. 127-156|DOI 10.17315/kjhp.2024.29.1.007

0

조회

0

다운로드

5

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

loneliness매개효과좌절된 소속감thwarted belongingness외로움social exclusionself-control자기통제력사회적 배제mediating effectsmiddle-aged and older adults중고령 성인
주제분류심리과학

초록

외로움은 사회적 관계 욕구가 좌절되거나 충족되지 않을 때 느끼는 공허함 혹은 쓸쓸함과 같은 불쾌하고 고통스러운 정서를 뜻하며, 신체 및 정신건강을 위협하는 위험요인으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 중고령 성인을 대상으로 대인관계 형성과 유지에 주요한 심리적 자원인 자기통제력이 외로움에 미치는 영향과 자기통제력과 외로움의 관계에서 사회적 배제와 좌절된 소속감의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국에 거주하는 40∼71세 중고령 성인 총 694명을 대상으로 온라인 설문 조사를 실시하고, 구조방정식을 활용하여 매개분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주요 변인의 상관분석 결과, 자기통제력은 사회적 배제, 좌절된 소속감, 그리고 외로움과 유의한 부적 상관이 있었다. 둘째, 자기통제력은 외로움에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 사회적 배제와 좌절된 소속감을 각각 매개로 하여 외로움에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자기통제력이 사회적 배제와 좌절된 소속감을 순차적으로 거쳐 외로움에 영향을 미치는 순차적 매개효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 건강상태, 인구통계학적 특성 그리고 우울을 통제한 후에도 유의하였으며, 40-50대 중년과 60대 이상 집단을 비교한 다집단 분석 결과에서도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과는 사회적 관계에서 자기통제력의 부족이 중고령 성인의 외로움을 높이는데 기여하며, 이 과정에서 사회적 배제 경험과 좌절된 소속감의 증가를 통해서도 외로움이 심화될 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 중고령 성인의 외로움 예방 및 감소에 기여할 수 있는 방안에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Loneliness is a distressing emotional state characterized by feelings of emptiness and isolation when social relationship needs are frustrated or unfulfilled, posing risks to both physical and mental well-being. This study aimed to examine the influence of self-control on loneliness among middle-aged and older adults, as well as the mediating effects of social exclusion and thwarted belongingness in the relationship between self-control and loneliness. A total of 694 middle-aged and older adults aged 40 to 71 years participated in an online survey, and a serial mediation analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. Results revealed significant direct and indirect effects of self-control on loneliness via social exclusion and thwarted belongingness. This indicates that those with poor self-control skills were more likely to experience social exclusion and thwarted belongingness and that frequent experiences of social exclusion and lack of sense of belongingness, in turn, tended to increase loneliness. In addition, the serial mediation influences of self-control on loneliness via social exclusion and thwarted belongingness were documented in the mediation model. These findings remained significant even after controlling for health status, demographic characteristics, and depression. Furthermore, subgroup analysis comparing middle-aged (40-50 years) and older adults (60 years and above) did not reveal any significant differences. This study underscored the importance of self-control in social relationships as a contributing factor to loneliness among middle-aged and older adults. It also highlighted the intervening roles of social exclusion and thwarted belongingness in this process. The discussion section addressed the importance of self-control in preventing and reducing loneliness among middle-aged and older adults.

참고문헌 (140)

  1. 김귀분, "노인의 무력감에 영향을미치는 요인", 한국노년학, 32(2), pp.487~499 (2012)
  2. 김수린, "고령층의 주관적 건강상태, 고독이 우울에 미치는 영향", 노인복지연구, 73(2), pp.9~47 (2018)
  3. 김아란, "노인의 성격요인과 우울 간의 관계에 대한 고독감의 매개효과 : 신경증과 외향성을 중심으로", 한국심리학회지 : 건강, 24(1), pp.209~221 (2019)
  4. 김향수, "여성 독거노인의 통증, 영양위험, 외로움, 지각된 건강상태가 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는영향", 한국융합학회논문지, 8(7), pp.207~218 (2017)
  5. 강윤희, "지역사회 노인의 사회적지지, 고독감, 수면의 질, 지각된건강상태에 관한 연구", 한국보건간호학회지, 26(2), pp.303~313 (2012)
  6. 권중돈, "노년기 자살행동 경험의의미와 과정에 관한 근거이론 연구", 노인복지연구, 52, pp.419~446 (2011)
  7. 박봉길, "독거노인의 경제적 상실감이 자살생각에미치는 영향 : 고독감의 조절효과", 노인복지연구, 63, pp.175~201 (2014)
  8. 박영주, "노인의 외로움과 건강행위 및 자아존중감의 관계", 노인간호학회지, 6(1), pp.91~98 (2004)
  9. 서영석, "한국인의 외로움(loneliness) : 개념적 정의와 측정에 관한 고찰", 한국심리학회지 : 일반, 39(2), pp.205~247 (2020)
  10. 송준아, "노인 외로움의 영향요인 분석 : 지역사회 거주 노인을 중심으로", 기본간호학회지, 14(3), pp.371~381 (2007)
  11. 오영은, "사회적관계망 크기와 지역사회공동체의식이 단독가구 농촌노인의 고독감에 미치는 영향 : 독거노인가구와 노인부부가구 비교를 중심으로", 한국지역사회복지학, 43, pp.555~580 (2012)
  12. 윤일홍, "우리나라 자살률 추이의 재해석 : 좌절된 소속감과 유전자-문화 공진화론의 입장에서", 한국심리학회지 : 일반, 38(1), pp.103~126 (2019)
  13. 이건정, "지역사회 노인의 지각된 건강상태에 관한 연구", 한국노년학, 33(4), pp.881~893 (2013)
  14. 이규은, "노인의 건강상태, 여가만족 및 외로움이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향", 기본간호학회지, 19(4), pp.483~492 (2012)
  15. 이혜영, "한국판 대인관계 욕구질문지(K-INQ)의 타당화 연구 : 노인을 대상으로", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(1), pp.291~312 (2015)
  16. 임춘식, "독거노인의 자살생각에영향을 미치는 요인연구", 사회과학연구, 22(0), pp.192~223 (2013)
  17. 임상현, "노인의 인식된 짐스러움과 좌절된 소속감이 자아통합감에 미치는 영향 : 자기통제감에 의한 고독감의 조절된 매개효과", 한국노년학, 42(6), pp.1183~1200 (2022)
  18. 전겸구, "한국판 CES-D 개발 연구I", 한국심리학회지 : 임상, 11(1), pp.65~76 (1992)
  19. 조민호, "대인관계 심리학적 모형을 통해서 본 한국군의 자살", 석사, pp.2010
  20. 진은주, "한국판 UCLA 외로움 척도 3판의 타당화", 청소년학연구, 26(10), pp.53~80 (2019)
  21. 홍현기, "한국판 단축형자기통제 척도(BSCS)의 타당화 및 신뢰도 연구", 한국심리학회지 : 일반, 31(4), pp.1193~1210 (2012)
  22. Abdellaoui, A., "Associations between loneliness and personality are mostly driven by a genetic association with Neuroticism", Journal of Personality, 87(2), pp.386~397 (2019)
  23. Andresen, E. M., "Screening for depression in Well Older Adults : Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D", American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(2), pp.77~84 (1994)
  24. Aartsen, M., "Onset of loneliness in older adults : results of a 28 year prospective study", European Journal of Ageing, 8, pp.31~38 (2011)
  25. Barlow, M. A, "Chronic illness and loneliness in older adulthood : The role of self-protective control strategies", Health Psychology, 34(8), pp.870~879 (2015)
  26. Baumeister, R. F., "Thwarting the need to belong : Understanding the interpersonal and inner effects of social exclusion", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), pp.506~520 (2007)
  27. Baumeister, R. F., "Social exclusion impairs self-regulation", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), pp.589~604 (2005)
  28. Baumeister, R. F., "Virtue, personality, and social relations : Self-control as the moral muscle", Journal of Personality, 67(6), pp.1165~1194 (1999)
  29. Baumeister, R. F., "The need to belong : Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation", Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), pp.497~529 (1995)
  30. Baumeister, R. F., "Point-counterpoints : Anxiety and social exclusion", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), pp.165~195 (1990)
  31. Baumeister, R. F., "Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1, pp.115~128 (2007)
  32. Blackhart, G. C., "Self-control in relation to feelings of belonging and acceptance", Self and Identity, 10(2), pp.152~165 (2011)
  33. Beekman, J. B., "Need to belong, not rejection sensitivity, moderates cortisol response, self-reported stress, and negative affect following social exclusion", The Journal of Social Psychology, 156(2), pp.131~138 (2016)
  34. Berk, L. E., "Development through the lifespan" (2017), Allyn and Bacon
  35. Bernstein, M. J., "Within-person effects of inclusion and exclusion on well-being in daily life", Personal Relationships, 28(4), pp.940~960 (2021)
  36. Besser, A., "Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition in late adulthood depression : Personality predispositions, and protective factors", Social Behavior and Personality : an International Journal, 33(4), pp.351~382 (2005)
  37. Boss, L., "Loneliness and cognitive function in the older adult : a systematic review", International Psychogeriatrics, 27(4), pp.541~553 (2015)
  38. Burson, A., "Two types of value-affirmation : Implications for self-Control follow ing social exclusion", Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(4), pp.510~516 (2012)
  39. Cacioppo, S., "Loneliness and implicit attention to social threat : A high-performance electrical neuroimaging study", Cognitive Neuroscience, 7(1-4), pp.138~159 (2016)
  40. Cacioppo, J. T., "Advances in experimental social psychology", pp.127~197 (2018), Elsevier Academic Press
  41. Cacioppo, J. T., "Lonely traits and concomitant physiological processes : The Mac Arthur social neuroscience studies", International Journal of Psychophysiology, 35(2-3), pp.143~154 (2000)
  42. Cacioppo, S., "Loneliness clinical import and interventions", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), pp.238~249 (2015)
  43. Cacioppo J., "Handbook of individual differences in social behavior", pp.227~240 (2009), Guilford Press
  44. Campbell, W. K., "A magnetoencephalography investigation of neural correlates for social exclusion and self-control", Social Neuroscience, 1(2), pp.124~134 (2006)
  45. Cantarero-Prieto, D., "Social isolation and multiple chronic diseases after age 50: A European macro-regional analysis", PLoS ONE, 13(10), pp.e0205062~ (2018)[DOI]
  46. Cardona, M., "Are social isolation and loneliness associated with cognitive decline in ageing?", Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 15, pp.1075563~ (2023)[DOI]
  47. Carstensen, L. L., "Taking time seriously : A theory of socioemotional selectivity", American Psychologist, 54(3), pp.165~181 (1999)
  48. Caspi, A., "Socially isolated children 20years later : Risk of cardiovascular disease", Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 160(8), pp.805~811 (2006)
  49. Chapple, C. L., "Self-control, peer relations, and delinquency", Justice Quarterly, 22(1), pp.89~106 (2005)
  50. Chen, Y., "Social support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults : An analysis of the Health and Retirement Study", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(2), pp.141~161 (2014)
  51. Cohen-Mansfield, J., "Correlates and predictors of loneliness in older-adults : a review of quantitative results informed by qualitative insights", International Psychogeriatrics, 28(4), pp.557~576 (2016)
  52. Courtin, E., "Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age : a scoping review", Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(3), pp.799~812 (2017)
  53. Dahlberg, L., "Long-term predictors of loneliness in old age : Results of a 20-year national study", Aging & Mental Health, 22(2), pp.190~196 (2016)
  54. DeBono, A., "Rude and inappropriate : The role of self-control in following social norms", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(1), pp.136~146 (2011)
  55. Demiray, B., "Time since birth and time left to live : Opposing forces in constructing psychological wellbeing", Ageing &Society, 34(7), pp.1193~1218 (2014)
  56. Denson, T. F., "Self-control and aggression", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), pp.20~25 (2012)
  57. DeWall, C. N., "Left out, sluggardly, and blue : Low self-control mediates the relationship between ostracism and depression", Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), pp.832~837 (2012)
  58. Dou, K., "Engaging in prosocial behavior explains how high self-control relates to more life satisfaction: Evidence from three Chinese samples", PLoS ONE, 14(10), pp.e0223169~ (2019)[DOI]
  59. Douma, L., "Exploring subjective well-being in older age by using participant-generated word clouds", The Gerontologist, 57(2), pp.229~239 (2017)
  60. Duckworth, A., "Self-Control and Grit : Related but Separable Determinants of Success", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(5), pp.319~325 (2014)
  61. Dykstra, P. A., "Social and emotional loneliness among divorced and married men and women : Comparing the deficit and cognitive perspectives", Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 29(1), pp.1~12 (2007)
  62. Ferrer, M., "Self-control, locus of control and social status in children", Psychological Reports, 60(2), pp.355~358 (1987)
  63. Ferris, D. L., "The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale", Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), pp.1348~1366 (2008)
  64. Findley, M. B., "The effect of self-control on willingness to sacrifice in cose relationships", Self and Identity, 13(3), pp.334~344 (2014)
  65. Gailliot, M. T., "Breaking the Rules : Low Trait or State Self-Control Increases Social Norm Violations", Psychology, 3(12), pp.1074~1083 (2012)
  66. Gerber, J., "On being rejected : A meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(5), pp.468~488 (2009)
  67. Guthmuller, S., "Loneliness among older adults in Europe: The relative importance of early and later life conditions", PLoS ONE, 17(5), pp.e0267562~ (2022)[DOI]
  68. Hagerty, B. M., "Sense of belonging and indicators of social and psychological functioning", Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(4), pp.235~244 (1996)
  69. Hawkley, L. C., "How can I connect with thee? Let me count the ways", Psychological Science, 16(10), pp.798~804 (2005)
  70. Hawkley, L. C., "Loneliness matters : A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms", Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), pp.218~227 (2010)
  71. Hawkley, L. C., "From social structural factors to perceptions of relationship quality and loneliness: the Chicago health, aging, and social relations study", Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63(6), pp.S375~S384 (2008)
  72. Hawkley, L. C., "Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity : cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses", Health Psychology, 28(3), pp.354~363 (2009)
  73. Hu, L. T., "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling : A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), pp.1~55 (1999)
  74. Inzlicht, M., "Exploring the mechanisms of self-control improvement", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(4), pp.302~307 (2014)
  75. Jacobs, J. M., "Global sleep satisfaction of older people : The Jerusalem Cohort Study", Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 54(2), pp.325~329 (2006)
  76. Joiner, T, "Why people die by suicide" (2005), Harvard University Press
  77. Kim, J. H., "Older people are not always happier than younger people: The moderating role of personality", Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, pp.1~18 (2022)[DOI]
  78. Kline, R. B., "Handbook of methodological innovation", pp.562~589 (2011), Sage
  79. Kocher, M. G., "Strong, bold, and kind : Self-control and cooperation in social dilemmas", Experimental Economics, 20(1), pp.44~69 (2017)
  80. Leary, M. R., "Responses to social exclusion : Social anxiety, jealousy, loneliness, depression, and low self-esteem", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), pp.221~229 (1990)
  81. Lennartsson, C., "Health inequalities and wellfare resources. Continuity and change in Sweden", pp.179~198 (2007), The Policy Press
  82. Lim, M. H., "Loneliness over time : The crucial role of social anxiety", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), pp.620~630 (2016)
  83. Litwin, H., "Social network type and subjective well-being in a national sample of older Americans", The Gerontologist, 51(3), pp.379~388 (2011)
  84. Litwin, H., "Confidant Network Types and Well-Being Among Older Europeans", The Gerontologist, 54(5), pp.762~772 (2014)
  85. Liu, J., "Self-control, peer preference, and loneliness in Chinese children : A three-year longitudinal study", Social Development, 26(4), pp.876~890 (2017)
  86. Long, M. V., "Personality, Relationship Closeness, and Loneliness of Oldest Old Adults and Their Children", The Journals of Gerontology : Series B, 55(5), pp.311~319 (2000)
  87. MacDonald, G., "Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain", Psychological Bulletin, 131(2), pp.202~223 (2005)
  88. Martela, F., "The three meanings of meaning in life : Distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance", The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11, pp.531~545 (2016)
  89. Mellor, D., "Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction", Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), pp.213~218 (2008)
  90. Michaels, J. L., "Belongingness is a mediating factor between religious service attendance and reduced psychological distress during the COVID-19pandemic", Journal of Religion and Health, 61(2), pp.1750~1764 (2022)
  91. Muraven, M., "Building self-control strength : Practicing self-control leads to improved self-control performance", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), pp.465~468 (2010)
  92. Musich, S., "The impact of loneliness on quality of life and patient satisfaction among older, sicker adults", Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 1, pp.2333721415582119~ (2015)[DOI]
  93. Nezlek, J. B., "Ostracism in everyday life", Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16(2), pp.91~104 (2012)
  94. Niedzwiedz, C. L., "The relationship between wealth and loneliness among older people across Europe : Is social participation protective?", Preventive Medicine, 91, pp.24~31 (2016)
  95. Oaten, M., "The effects of ostracism on self-regulation in the socially anxious", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(5), pp.471~504 (2008)
  96. Olson, S. L., "Assessment of impulsivity in preschoolers : Cross-measure convergences, longitudinal stability and relevance to social competence", Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(2), pp.176~183 (1989)
  97. Olson, S. L., "Preschool developmental antecedents of conduct problems in children beginning school", Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22(1), pp.60~67 (1993)
  98. Peplau L. A., "Loneliness : A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy" (1982), Wiley
  99. Perlman, D., "Encyclopedia of mental health, Vol. 2", pp.571~581 (1998), Academic Press
  100. Pronk, T. M., "What it takes to forgive : When and why executive functioning facilitates forgiveness", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(1), pp.119~131 (2010)
  101. Radloff, L. S., "The CES-D scale : A self-report depression scale for research in the general population", Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), pp.385~401 (1977)
  102. Raz, N., "Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging : Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging", Neuropsychology, 12(1), pp.95~114 (1998)
  103. Reis, H. T., "The role of intimacy in interpersonal relations", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(1), pp.15~30 (1990)
  104. Rico-Uribe, L. A., "Association of loneliness with all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis", PLoS ONE, 13(1), pp.e0190033~ (2018)[DOI]
  105. Righetti, F., "If you are able to control yourself, I will trust you : the role of perceived self-control in interpersonal trust", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(5), pp.874~886 (2011)
  106. Rosen, P. J., "Social self-control, externalizing behavior, and peer liking among children with ADHD-CT : A mediation model", Social Development, 23(2), pp.288~305 (2014)
  107. Rote, S., "Religious attendance and loneliness in later life", The Gerontologist, 53(1), pp.39~50 (2013)
  108. Rudert, S. C., "The experience of ostracism over the adult life span", Developmental Psychology, 56(10), pp.1999~2012 (2020)
  109. Rudert, S. C., "Who gets ostracized? A personality perspective on risk and protective factors of ostracism", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(6), pp.1247~1268 (2020)
  110. Russell, D., "The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale : Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), pp.472~480 (1980)
  111. Russell, D., "Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy", pp.81~104 (1982), Wiley
  112. Sakiz, H., "Self-esteem and perceived social competence protect adolescent students against ostracism and loneliness", Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 31(1), pp.94~109 (2021)
  113. Schon, P., "Sex differences in health in 1992 and 2002 among very old Swedes", Journal of Population Ageing, 1(2), pp.107~123 (2009)
  114. Shankar, A., "Social isolation and loneliness : relationships with cognitive function during 4years of follow-up in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing", Psychosomatic Medicine, 75(2), pp.161~170 (2013)
  115. Solmi, M., "Factors associated with loneliness : an umbrella review of observational studies", Journal of Affective Disorders, 271, pp.131~138 (2020)
  116. Stavrova, O., "Low Self-Control : A hidden cause of loneliness?", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 48(3), pp.347~362 (2021)
  117. Stenseng, F., "Peer rejection and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms : Reciprocal relations through ages 4, 6, and 8", Child development, 87(2), pp.365~373 (2016)
  118. Steptoe, A., "Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), pp.5797~5801 (2013)
  119. Tangney, J. P., "High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success", Journal of personality, 72(2), pp.271~324 (2004)
  120. Tomaka, J., "The relation of social isolation, loneliness, and social support to disease outcomes among the elderly", Journal of Aging and Health, 18(3), pp.359~384 (2006)
  121. Thurston, R. C., "Women, loneliness, and incident coronary heart disease", Psychosomatic Medicine, 71(8), pp.836~842 (2009)
  122. Twenge, J. M., "If you can't join them, beat them : Effects of social exclusion on aggressive behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(6), pp.1058~1069 (2001)
  123. Uslu, O., "'Being Alone Is More Painful than Getting Hurt' : The Moderating Role of Workplace Loneliness in the Association between Workplace Ostracism and Job Performance", Central European Business Review, 10(1), pp.19~38 (2021)
  124. Van As, B. A. L., "The longitudinal association between loneliness and depressive symptoms in the elderly : a systematic review", International Psychogeriatrics, 34(7), pp.657~669 (2021)
  125. Van Orden, K. A., "Suicidal desire and the capability for suicide : tests of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior among adults", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), pp.72~83 (2008)
  126. Van Tongeren, D. R., "Self-regulation facilitates meaning in life", Review of General Psychology, 22(1), pp.95~106 (2018)
  127. Vohs, K. D., "Handbook of self-regulation", pp.1~12 (2004), Guilford
  128. Vohs, K. D., "Handbook of self-regulation", pp.392~410 (2004), Guilford Press
  129. Vohs, K. D., "The psychology of self-regulation: Cognitive, affective, and motivational processes", pp.289~302 (2009), Taylor and Francis
  130. Voggeser, B. J., "Self-control in Online Discussions : Disinhibited Online Behavior as a Failure to Recognize Social Cues", Frontiers in Psychology, 8, pp.2372~ (2018)[DOI]
  131. Vozikaki, M., "Loneliness among older European adults : results from the survey of health, aging and retirement in Europe", Journal of Public Health, 26(6), pp.613~624 (2018)
  132. Wang B, "The Association Between Personality and Loneliness : Findings From a Community Dwelling Chinese Aging Population", Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 4, pp.1~9 (2018)
  133. Weiss, R. S., "Doing unto others: Joining, molding, conforming, helping", pp.17~26 (1974), Prentice-Hall Spectrum
  134. Wenger, G. C., "Changes in levels of social isolation and loneliness among older people in a rural area : A twenty-year longitudinal study", Canadian Journal on Aging-Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 23(2), pp.115~127 (2004)
  135. Wheeler, L., "Loneliness, social interaction, and sex roles", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(4), pp.943~953 (1983)
  136. Williams, K. D., "Ostracism : The kiss of social death", Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), pp.236~247 (2007)
  137. Williams, K. D., "Ostracism : The power of silence" (2001), Guilford Press
  138. Williams, K. D., "Social ostracism by coworkers : Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation?", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(7), pp.693~706 (1997)
  139. Wilson, R. S., "Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease", Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(2), pp.234~240 (2007)
  140. Zhong, C. B., "Cold and lonely : Does social exclusion literally feel cold?", Psychological Science, 19(9), pp.838~842 (2008)

관련 논문AI추천

노인의 사회적 고립과 우울의 관계에서 정서조절 방략의 매개효과김호영, 최지혜한국임상심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 임상심리 연구와 실제2025 · 제11권 제1호누가 혼자 있을 때 외로운가? 홀로 있음, 권력감과 외로움의 관계서은국, 임낭연한국감성과학회 · 감성과학2022 · 제25권 제2호코로나 대유행 시기 외로움과 삶의 만족의 관계에서 우울과 지각된 사회적 지지의 종단매개효과이동훈, 정다송한국심리학회 · 한국심리학회지:일반2024 · 제43권 제1호노인의 사회연결망 크기와 고독감 간의 사회적 상호작용의 매개효과강은지, 김보은, 김아란, 이성은, 최승원한국건강심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 건강2020 · 제25권 제2호노인의 자기결정적 고독과 외로움 수준에 따른 군집 간 정서조절과 삶의 만족도 차이김송은, 이영순한국재활심리학회 · 재활심리연구2022 · 제29권 제2호성인기 연령집단별 외로움에 영향을 미치는 관련요인 연구: 부산시민을 대상으로강대선, 김혜정, 오영란, 조혜정한국NGO학회 · NGO연구2021 · 제16권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (9건)

혼술 및 사회 음주 집단의 심리적 특성이훈진, 전혜진, 전혜린pp. 1-15MMPI-A와 비교를 통해 살펴본 MMPI-A-RF의 국내 활용에 대한 임상적 유용성: 내재화 장애로 진단된 청소년을 중심으로양윤정, 박은희, 홍현주pp. 17-35대학생의 충동성과 도박 심각도 간의 관계: 상대적 박탈감으로 조절된 의사결정 능력의 매개효과신민철, 하창현pp. 37-63경계선 성격특성과 타인에 대한 공격성의 관계: 수치심 경향성과 특성분노의 순차매개효과이슬기, 장혜인pp. 65-87정서 방임과 정서조절곤란의 관계에서 신체 신뢰의 매개효과황현정, 이혜진, 최경아pp. 89-108
원문 보기