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유방암 관련 언론보도의 프레이밍 특성에 대한 연구

Media's breast cancer news framing and its implications

정의철
한국지역언론학회 (Korean Regional Communication Research Association)|2011.06|언론과학연구 (Journal of Communication Science)|제11권 제2호|pp. 402-440

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참고문헌

키워드

유방암breast cancer뉴스프레이밍news framinghealth journalism헬스저널리즘의학적프레임medical news frame
주제분류신문방송학

초록

이 연구는 우리 사회에서 이슈정의 및 의제설정의 역할을 수행하는 미디어의 유방암 뉴스 프레이밍을 분석하였다. 뉴스가 유방암에 대한 예방, 진단, 치료에 관한 공중의 의견과 행동 및 정책에 영향을 미친다는 점에서, 또한 미디어채널을 통해 올바르고, 필수적인 정보를 제공할 경우 유방암 발생 및 사망률 감소와 공공건강 증진을 가져올 수 있다는 점에서 이 연구의 의의가 있다. 이 연구는 건강의 맥락적 구성주의와 헬스저널리즘 관점을 바탕으로 3대 공중파 방송(KBS, MBC, SBS)의 저녁시간 대 뉴스와 동아일보와 한겨레신문의 뉴스를 수집해 유방암에 관한 뉴스정보원과 프레이밍을 분석하였다. 연구결과 이들 주요 미디어가 유사한 방식으로 정보원을 선택하고 프레임을 구성하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 구체적으로 의과학 지식전문가 집단의 목소리가 집중적으로 부각되고 의학적프레임과 인간적흥미프레임이 지배적으로 구성되고 있었다. 이는 질병보도에서 개인화, 의약화, 전문가 중심이라는 거시적 프레이밍 경향이 유방암 뉴스프레이밍에서도 나타남을 보여준다. 이러한 거시적 프레이밍 경향은 유방암 등 사회․문화적 속성을 가진 질병 문제를 맥락중심으로 접근하지 않고 의학적 관점과 개인 관점에서 다룬다는 한계를 보여준다.

Abstract

This research analyzed the mainstream media's breast cancer news framing, which serves as agents of issue definition and agenda setting in society. Breast cancer is an increasingly important public health issue considering its rising morbidity rate. At the same time, breast cancer has a high rate of complete recovery based on early detection and preventive behavior. Due to the growing morbidity rate of breast cancer, the attention from the media and society to the disease has been increased. This work is meaningful since media reports influence public opinion as well as policy priority related to a health issue. In addition, this study is important due to the fact that active health communication through diverse channels, such as the media, can reduce morbidity and mortality rates as well as improve public health. Grounded in the contextual construction perspective of health and the theories of health journalism, this study explored breast cancer news framing from three major television networks and two national daily newspapers(Donga and Hankyoreh). Findings indicate that the mainstream media similarly rely on biomedical sources as key news makers while constructing breast cancer news based on medical and human interest frames. This indicates that macro-framing tendencies in disease reporting, such as person-centeredness, medicalization and expertism, appear in breast cancer news framing. These macro-framing tendencies have weaknesses because they deal with diseases, such as breast cancer, just grounded in medical and person-centered approaches while neglecting much needed social and cultural contexts.

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