스포츠에서의 라이프스킬 프로그램 적용과 효과
The application and its effect of life skills program in sport
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[목적] 이 연구는 라이프스킬 프로그램을 스포츠 현장에 체계적으로 적용하는 과정과 그 효과를 알아보는 데 목적을 두었다. [방법] 연구 참여자로 대학교에서 태권도 품새 선수로 활동하고 있거나 선수로 활동한 경력을 가진 14명의 대학생이 참여하였다. 조사도구로는 라이프스킬 측정 설문지와 라이프스킬 일지를 활용하였다. 16주간의 프로그램 적용 절차, 기술개발과 효과에 대한 자료처리는 Excel 프로그램과 귀납적 내용분석을 활용하였다. [결과] 첫째, 라이프스킬은 목표설정, 혼잣말, 심상, 인지재구성으로 구성되었다. 라이프스킬 프로그램은 큰 틀에서 소개, 교육, 개발, 적용, 평가와 같은 절차를 거쳤다. 둘째, 라이프스킬 적용 시점에 따라 측정변인의 평균점수에 변화가 생겼다. 목표설정과 혼잣말은 시간이 지남에 따라 평균점수 상승폭이 매우 컸고, 심상은 점진적으로 상승했다. 그리고 부정적 생각은 소폭 감소하였다. 셋째, 연구 참여자들은 프로그램 참여를 통해서 경기력 향상, 긍정적인 생각, 변화의 기회, 목표설정, 분투노력, 동기형성의 효과가 있었다. 나아가, 연구 참여자들은 이러한 요인들을 개발할 수 있는 좋은 기회를 갖게 되었다고 밝혔다. [결론] 스포츠 현장에서의 라이프스킬 프로그램 적용은 스포츠 참여자들에게 인지, 정서, 행동 영역에 영향을 끼쳐 그들의 생애 발달 변화에 기여할 것이다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was to investigate the systematic application of the life skills program and its effects in a sport setting. [Methods] Participants were 14 college students(8 males and 6 females) majoring in Taekwondo. Survey tools were utilized to measure items of life skills and journals. Data analyses were conducted by using Excel program and inductive content analysis. [Results] First, life skills in this study consisted of goal setting, self-talk, imagery, cognitive restructuring. Life skills program has undergone a procedure, such as the introduction, training, development, application, and evaluation. Second, the average scores of life skill variables have been changed according to measured points. Specifically, the average scores of goal setting and self-talk were highly increased over time and the average score of imagery indicated gradual rising line. The average score of negative thought was slightly reduced over time. Third, regarding effects of this program, participants’ responses were categorized into six components; performance enhancement, positive thoughts, chances of change, goal setting, struggling efforts, and motivation formation. Further, participants stated this program was a great opportunity to develop these components. [Conclusion] The application of life skills program in sport settings will contribute to participants’ life span developmental change in cognitions, emotions, and behavior.
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