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비만과 운동이 정자의 질과 기능에 미치는 영향

Effects of obesity and exercise on sperm quality and function

곽효범|윤진환|박세환
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2019.03|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제30권 제1호|pp. 1-8|DOI 10.24985/kjss.2019.30.1.1

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키워드

비만운동ExerciseObesity불임Infertility정자질정자기능Sperm qualitySperm function
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 전 세계적으로 남성의 정자 질과 기능은 비만 등과 같은 환경적인 요인에 의해 지속적으로 감소하여 불임율이 증가하는 추세에 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 비만이 정자의 질과 기능에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 살펴보고, 운동이 정자의 매개변수에 미치는 효과를 분석하는데 있다. [방법] 비만과 운동이 정자의 수, 운동성, 형태학적 변화, 테스토스테론, 산화적 스트레스, 염증 등에 미치는 영향에 대한 선행 연구들을 조사하기 위하여 MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus 데이터베이스를 활용하였다. [결과] 정자의 운동성을 조절하는 가장 중요한 요인은 칼슘 이온으로, 칼슘 이온의 작용은 CatSper(Cation Channel of Sperm) 단백질과 같은 칼슘 채널을 통해 가능하다. 비만한 남성은 감소된 정자의 수, 농도 및 운동성을 보이고, 정자의 부피도 감소하여 임신이 지연되고 성공률도 낮아진다고 보고되었다. 그러나, 규칙적인 운동은 정자의 매개변수인 정자수, 운동성과 형태학을 유의하게 증가시키고, 고환 기능 매개변수인 정자 농도와 혈중 테스토스테론을 향상시킨다고 보고되고 있다. [결론] 비만은 남성의 정자 질과 기능을 악화시키지만 적정수준의 규칙적인 운동은 정자 수와 운동성을 증가시키고, 산화적 스트레스와 염증을 감소시켜 결국 남성의 생식력을 향상시킨다.

Abstract

[Purpose] Sperm quality and function are reduced by environmental factors (e.g., obesity), leading to increased infertility worldwide. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper was to investigate the effects of obesity and exercise training on sperm quality and function in animal and human models. [Methods] In order to determine the effects of obesity and exercise on sperm quality, motility, morphology, testosterone, oxidative stress, inflammation, we reviewed previous literatures with MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus databases. [Results] The most important factor to control the sperm motility is calcium ion, which is performed by the protein of CatSper (Cation Channel of Sperm). Obese men showed the decrease of number, concentration, motility, and volume in sperm, resulting in delayed or failed fertility. However, regular exercise training increased sperm-mediated factors including number, motility, and morphology, and festicular function-mediated factors including sperm concentration and serum testosterone. [Conclusions] While obesity exacerbates sperm quality and function in men, regular exercise training with moderate intensity increases sperm number and motility and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to the improvement of men’s fertility.

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