저항운동 트레이닝이 흡연남성의 심장 자율신경시스템에 미치는 영향
Effect of Resistance Training on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Function in Young Male Smokers
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초록
본 연구는 8주간의 고강도 및 저강도 저항트레이닝이 습관성 흡연자의 자율신경에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 건강하고 젊은 남성 흡연자 28명을 대상으로 통제군(Control), 저강도 저항트레이닝군(LRT, 50% 1RM, 10-rep, 2-set), 고강도 저항트레이닝군(HRT, 70% 1RM, 10-rep, 2-set)으로 각각 무작위 배정하였으며, 모든 실험군은 평소 흡연습관을 유지한 상태로 8주 동안 실시하되, 운동군은 저항트레이닝 머신을 이용하여 상체 4종목, 하체 4종목의 전신 저항트레이닝을 수행하였다. 최소 20분간의 안정 후 처지 전⋅후 신체조성을 포함한 혈역학적 변인을 측정하였고, 심장의 자율신경계 측정 및 등속성기기를 이용하여 슬관절(부하속도 60, 180, 240 deg/sec)의 굴곡과 신전에 대한 관절의 근력(peak torque, 최대회전력)의 변화를 평가하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 8주간의 저항트레이닝은 통제군에 비해 운동군에서 등속성 근력 및 1RM의 유의한 증가를 가져왔으며, 심박변이도의 spectral 지표 중 부교감신경활동을 반영하는 HF가 통제군에 비해 HRT에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 또한 교감-미주신경 밸런스에서 교감신경활동 우세를 반영하는 LF nu는 통제군에 비해 HRT에서 유의하게 감소한 반면, 부교감신경활동 우세를 반영하는 HF nu는 통제군에 비해 HRT에서 유의하게 증가하였다. HF, HF nu, LF nu의 변화량은 등속성 근력의 변화량과 정적 관련성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 젊은 흡연남성에 있어서 8주간의 고강도 저항트레이닝은 근력의 증가와 함께 안정 시 교감신경억제 및 부교감신경활성화를 통해 자율신경밸런스의 향상에 기여하였음을 시사한다. 따라서 근력향상을 동반한 고강도의 저항트레이닝 프로그램은 담배흡연으로 인한 교감신경 활성화 및 부교감신경저하 즉 자율신경불균형의 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of resistance training with different exercise intensities on heart rate variability(HRV) in habitual smokers. Twenty-eight healthy young smokers participated in this study were randomly divided into three groups; CON(control), LRT(low-intensity resistance training; 50% 1RM), and HRT(high-intensity resistance training; 70%1RM), respectively. LRT and HRT groups performed an 8-week resistance training(4 upper- and lower body exercises) using weight training machines, whereas CON group maintained their regular activities. All groups were evaluated basal body composition, hemodynamic parameters, HRV as autonomic nervous function, and muscular strength (1RM and isokinetic test) before and after the 8-week training. To assess the effect of 8-week training with different intensities on autonomic regulation, time and frequency domain indices of HRV were calculated from 5min R-R interval recording. As results, both LRT and HRT groups increased baseline 1RM and isokinetic strength compared to CON group. Meanwhile, high-frequency power reflecting parasympathetic activity was significantly increased in HRT compared to CON group. In addition, normalized low frequency power(LF nu) indicating a shift of sympathovagal balance towards sympathetic predominance significantly decreased while normalized high frequency power(HF nu) which reflects vagal predominance significantly increased in HRT compared to CON group. Furthermore, improved cardiac autonomic regulation and parasympathetic activation had significant association with increased muscular strength. Overall, the 8-week training has enhanced muscular strength in both training groups, particularly autonomic balance improved in young habitual smokers with high intensity resistance training.
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