본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

접촉-비접촉 스포츠 유형에 따른 대학 운동선수들의 완벽주의와 불안 및 공격성의 구조적 관계 검증

Verification of the structural relationship model of college athletes’ perfectionism, anxiety, and aggression in contact and non-contact sports

0

조회

0

다운로드

16

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구는 스포츠 신체접촉 유형에 따른 완벽주의, 불안, 공격성의 차이를 알아보고 스포츠에서 공격성에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인과 그 구조적 관계를 검증하는 것이다. [방법] 남자 대학운동선수 299명이 연구에 참여했으며 완벽주의, 공격성, 불안 검사지의 타당도와 신뢰도 검증을 거친 후 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 수집된 자료를 통해 기술통계분석, 다변량 분산분석(MANOVA), 상관관계 분석, 구조방정식 분석, 다집단분석을 실시하였다. [결과] 분석결과 첫째, 스포츠 유형에 따른 완벽주의, 불안, 공격성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며(F=4.316, p<.001), 공격성의 하위요인인 적대감, 신체공격성, 언어적 공격성 요인에서는 접촉 유형이 비접촉 유형 보다 높은 평균값을 나타냈다. 둘째, 완벽주의는 불안에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며(t=6.936, p<.001), 불안은 공격성에 정적인 인과관계 있는 것으로 나타났다(t=3.380, p<.001).아울러 완벽주의와 공격성의 경로에서 불안의 완전매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다(β=.152, p<.01). 셋째, 접촉스포츠 집단과 비접촉 스포츠 집단 간 경로계수를 비교한 결과 접촉 스포츠 집단은 불안과 공격성의 경로에서 정적인 인과관계(β=.511, p<.001)가 나타난 반면 비접촉 스포츠 집단에서는 인과관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다.(β=.149, p>.05). [결론] 본 연구에서는 완벽주의는 불안을 야기할 수 있고 불안을 매개로 공격성으로 이어질 수 있음을 발견하였다. 특히 공격적 행동이 장려되고 호의적인 접촉 스포츠에서의 효과가 더 크게 나타났다.

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate differences among perfectionism, anxiety, and aggression in contact and non-contact sports and verify the structural relationship model of perfectionism, anxiety, and aggression in the field of sports. [Methods] Male college athletes (N=299) participated in the study and perfectionism, anxiety, and aggression questionnaires were utilized after their verification of validity and reliability were conducted. The descriptive statistical analysis, the multivariate analysis, the correlation analysis, the structural equation analysis, and the multi-group analysis were conducted. [Results] The results are as follows: First, the level of perfectionism, anxiety, and aggression were significantly different between contact and non-contact sports (F=4.316, p<.001). Additionally, subfactors of aggression such as hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression factors in contact sports showed a higher average than non-contact sports. Second, perfectionism positively affected anxiety (t=6.936, p<.001) and anxiety positively affected aggression (t=3.380, p<.001). Moreover, the complete mediation effect of anxiety was found in the path from perfectionism to aggression (β=.152, p<.01). Finally, we compared path coefficients between contact and non-contact sports. As a result, positive causal relationships was indicated in the path from anxiety to aggression (β=.511, p<.001) in contact sports. However, it was not discovered in non-contact sports (β=.149, p>.05). [Conclusions] In conclusion, perfectionism causes anxiety and anxiety is a mediator leading to aggression in sports. Such effect is more predictable and observable in contact sports in which aggression is more favorable and encouraged. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

참고문헌 (95)

  1. Anshel, M. . H., "Sport psychology: From theory to practice" (1990), Gorsuch Scarisbrick
  2. Bandura, A., "Aggression: A social learning analysis" (1973), Prentice-hall
  3. Bar-Eli, M., "Observations of behavioral violations as crisis indicators in competition", The Sport Psychologist, 3(3), pp.237~244 (1989)
  4. Bekiari, A., "Perceived verbal aggressiveness of coaches in volleyball and basketball : A preliminary study", Perceptual and motor skills, 103(2), pp.526~530 (2006)
  5. Berkowitz, L., "Aggression : Its causes, consequences, and control" (1993), Mcgraw-Hill
  6. Blatt, S. J., "The destructiveness of perfectionism : Implications for the treatment of depression", American Psychologist, 50(12), pp.1003~1020 (1995)
  7. Bredemeier, B. J., "The relationship of sport involvement with children’s moral reasoning and aggression tendencies", Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(4), pp.304~318 (1986)
  8. Buss, A. H., "The Aggression Questionnaire", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), pp.452~459 (1992)
  9. Byrd, M. M., "Perfectionism Hurts: Examining the relationship between perfectionism, anger, anxiety, and sport aggression", Master’s, pp.2011
  10. Campo, M., "Emotions in team contact sports : A systematic review", The Sport Psychologist, 26(1), pp.62~97 (2012)
  11. Cashmore, E., "Tyson - Nurture of the Beast" (2005), Polity Press
  12. Cashmore, E., "Making sense of sports" (2005), Routledge
  13. 최재섭, "한 은퇴 운동선수의 경력전환에 따른 정체성 변화에 대한 자문화기술지", 교육인류학연구, 17(1), pp.63~102 (2014), 한국교육인류학회[DOI]
  14. 최마리, "스포츠 분노의 다차원적 구성 개념과 척도 개발", 한국체육학회지, 53(6), pp.167~178 (2014), 한국체육학회
  15. 정용민, "고등학교 운동선수의 사회불안, 스포츠 경쟁불안, 자존감이 공격성에 미치는 영향", 한국체육과학회지, 18(4), pp.401~414 (2009), 한국체육과학회
  16. Conroy, D. E., "Personal and participatory socializers of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive behavior in sport", Aggressive Behavior, 27, pp.405~418 (2001)
  17. Cox, R. H., "Sport psychology: Concepts and application" (2002), McGraw-Hill
  18. Dehghani, M., "Examining the relationship between perfectionism and sport aggression among football players", International Journal of Behavioural Social and Movement Sciences, 2(1), pp.135~143 (2013)
  19. DeWall, C. N., "The general aggression model : Theoretical extensions to violence", Psychology of Violence, 1(3), pp.245~ (2011)
  20. Donahue, E. G., "When winning is everything : On passion, identity, and aggression in sport", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(5), pp.526~534 (2009)
  21. Dunn, J. G., "Examining the relationship between perfectionism and trait anger in competitive sport", International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(1), pp.7~24 (2006)
  22. Eklund, R. C., "Encyclopedia of sport and exercise psychology" (2013), Sage Publications
  23. Flett, G. L., "Perfectionism:Theory, research and practice", pp.5~31 (2002), American Psychological Association
  24. Flett, G. L., "The perils of perfectionism in sports and exercise", Current directions in psychological science, 14(1), pp.14~18 (2005)
  25. Flett, G. L., "Perfectionism and components of state and trait anxiety", Current Psychology, 13(4), pp.326~350 (1994)
  26. Frost, R. O., "Perfectionism and reactions to athletic competition", Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(4), pp.323~335 (1991)
  27. Geen, R. G., "Human aggression" (1990), McGraw Hill
  28. Gill, D., "Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise" (2017), Human Kinetics
  29. 고희경, "완벽주의와 분노 표현양상 간 관계에서의 인지적 대처전략의 매개효과 검증", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(1), pp.97~116 (2009), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  30. Goldstein, J. F., "Aggression and War:Their Biological and Social Bases", pp.10~19 (1989), Cambridge University Press
  31. Griffitt, W., "Hot and crowded : Influence of population density and temperature on interpersonal affective behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17(1), pp.92~ (1971)
  32. Hall, H. K., "Perfectionism : A hallmark quality of world class performers, or a psychological impediment to athletic development", Essential processes for attaining peak performance, 1(7), pp.178~211 (2006)
  33. Hall, H. K., "Precompetitive anxiety in sport : The contribution of achievement goals and perfectionism", Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(2), pp.194~217 (1998)
  34. Han, K. Y., "On multidimensional perfectionism: Concept, assessment, and it’s relation with maladjustment", doctoral, pp.1994
  35. Hardy, L., "Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers" (1996), John Wiley & Sons Inc
  36. Harrell, W. A., "Aggression by high school basketball players : An observational study of the effects of opponents’aggression and frustration inducing factors", International Journal of Sport Psychology, 11, pp.290~298 (1980)
  37. Hasegawa, E., "An analysis of anger-related aggression in rugby football competition", Hoken Taiiku Kagaku Center Nenpo, 17, pp.69~82 (1994)
  38. Hatch, S., "Collegiate Athletes’ Perceptions of the Legitimacy of Aggression in Sport", Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 4(1), pp.23~34 (2010)
  39. Henschen, K., "Emotions in sport", pp.231~242 (2000), Human Kinetics
  40. Hewitt, P. L., "Perfectionism in the self and social contexts : Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(3), pp.456~470 (1991)
  41. Huang, D. B., "Laboratory measurement of aggression in high school age athletes : Provocation in a non sporting context", Psychological Reports, 85, pp.1251~1262 (1999)
  42. Jensen, S. N., "Depression in Danish and Swedish elite football players and its relation to perfectionism and anxiety", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 36, pp.147~155 (2018)
  43. Jones, M. V., "Game location and aggression in rugby league", Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4), pp.387~393 (2005)
  44. 강주희, "배구선수의 스포츠경쟁불안 특성", 석사, 전공학과, pp.2000
  45. Keeler, L. A., "The Differences in Sport Aggression, Life Aggression, and Life Assertion Among Adult Male and Female Collision, Contact, and Non-Contact Sport Athletes", Journal of Sport Behavior, 30(1), pp.57~76 (2007)
  46. Kerr, J. H., "The role of aggression and violence in sport : A rejoinder to the ISSP position stand", The Sport Psychologist, 13(1), pp.83~88 (1999)
  47. Kerr, J. H., "The acute effects of participation in sport on mood : The importance of level of ‘antagonistic physical interaction’", Personality and Individual Differences, 16(1), pp.159~166 (1994)
  48. 김형겸, "청소년 축구선수들의 스트레스와 경쟁불안, 스포츠 자신감과의 관계: 홈 & 어웨이 경기에 따른 조절효과 분석", 한국체육과학회지, 25(6), pp.405~418 (2016), 한국체육과학회
  49. 김원배, "청소년 운동선수들의 성격 특성 : 16PF", 한국스포츠심리학회지, 13(1), pp.49~66 (2002), 한국스포츠심리학회
  50. 김재훈, "심리기술훈련 현장 적용이 대학유도선수의 심리기술 및 경쟁상태불안에 미치는 영향", 체육과학연구, 24(2), pp.370~383 (2013), 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원[DOI]
  51. Kirker, B., "An investigation of the dynamics of aggression : Direct observations in ice hockey and basketball", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(4), pp.373~386 (2000)
  52. Kline, R. B., "Principle and practice of structural equation modeling" (1998), The Guilford Press
  53. Lauer, L., "The playing tough and clean hockey program", The Sport Psychologist, 23(4), pp.543~561 (2009)
  54. Lazarus, R. S., "Stress and emotion: A new synthesis" (1999), Springer
  55. Lee, H. J., "The meaning of winning and losing in sport", The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 38(2), pp.68~76 (1999)
  56. 이준석, "대학운동선수의 인성, 완벽주의 성향 및 공격성의 구조적 관계", 한국체육과학회지, 27(2), pp.203~219 (2018), 한국체육과학회[DOI]
  57. 이남미, "스포츠내셔널리즘과 한·일 관계에 따른 한국의 축구문화", 한국체육학회지, 43(5), pp.129~140 (2004), 한국체육학회
  58. Lemieux, P., "Self-reported hostile aggression in contact athletes, no contact athletes and non-athletes", Athletic Insight, 4(3), pp.42~56 (2002)
  59. Martens, R., "Competitive Anxiety in Sport" (1990), Human Kinetics
  60. Maxwell, J. P., "Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union : Relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization", Aggressive Behavior, 35(3), pp.237~243 (2009)
  61. Maxwell, J. P., "Anger and perceived legitimacy of aggression in male Hong Kong Chinese athletes : Effects of type of sport and level of competition", Psychology of sport and exercise, 10(2), pp.289~296 (2009)
  62. Morra, N., "Children and youth sport: A biopsychosocial perspective", pp.142~155 (1996)
  63. Mustonen, P., "Aggressive subculture of ice hockey players", Liikunta ja Tied, 24, pp.130~140 (1987)
  64. "日‘격투기’가된미식축구논란...비난고조" (2018)[URL]
  65. Öngen, D. E., "The relationships between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and aggression among Turkish adolescents", Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 20(1), pp.99~108 (2010)
  66. Patterson, A. H., "Hostility catharsis : A naturalistic quasiexperiment", Personality and Society Psychology Bulletin, 1(1), pp.195~197 (1974)
  67. Pappas, N. T., "Athlete aggression on the rink and off the ice : Athlete violence and aggression in hockey and interpersonal relationships", Men and Masculinities, 6(3), pp.291~312 (2004)
  68. 박중길, "운동 정체성 측정도구(AIMS)의 요인 구조와 동일성 검증", 한국체육학회지, 51(5), pp.293~306 (2012), 한국체육학회
  69. 박중길, "청소년 학생선수를 위한 운동 탈진 질문지(ABQ)의 요인 동일성과 잠재평균 검증", 한국체육학회지, 52(1), pp.149~162 (2013), 한국체육학회
  70. Pfister, R., "Aggression and sport practice : Testing the cathartic value of sport", Bulletin de Psychologies, 35, pp.88~100 (1982)
  71. Robazza, C., "Perceived impact of anger and anxiety on sporting performance in rugby players", Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(6), pp.875~896 (2007)
  72. Russell, G. W., "The social psychology of sport" (1993), Springer-Verlag
  73. 서수균, "한국판 공격성 질문지의 타당화 연구", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(2), pp.487~501 (2002), 한국임상심리학회[DOI]
  74. Shields, D. L. L., "Leadership, cohesion, and team norms regarding cheating and aggression", Sociology of Sport Journal, 12(3), pp.324~336 (1995)
  75. Silva, J. M., "The perceived legitimacy of rule violating behavior in sport", Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, pp.438~448 (1983)
  76. Smith, M. D., "Sport psychology: An analysis of athlete behavior", pp.187~192 (1980), Movement Publications
  77. Smith, M. D., "Children in sport", pp.301~313 (1988), Human Kinetics
  78. Stephens, D. E., "Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls’ basketball: An examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp", Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72(3), pp.257~266 (2001)
  79. Stephens, D. E., "Moral atmosphere and aggression in collegiate intramural sport", International Sports Journal, 8(1), pp.66~75 (2004)
  80. Stephens, D. E., "Moral atmosphere and judgments about aggression in girls’ soccer : Relationships among moral and motivational variables", Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(2), pp.158~173 (1996)
  81. Stephens, D. E., "Aggression in Canadian youth ice hockey : The role of moral atmosphere", International Sports Journal, 7(2), pp.109~119 (2003)
  82. Stoeber, J., "Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes : Differentiating striving for perfection and negative reactions to imperfection", Personality and Individual Differences, 42(6), pp.959~969 (2007)
  83. Swearer, S. M., "Psychosocial correlates in bullying and victimization : The relationship between depression, anxiety, and bully", victim status, 2001, pp.2(22), 95~121
  84. Tak, J. G., "Psychological testing" (2007), Hakjisa
  85. Tenenbaum, G., "Aggression and violence in sport : An ISSP position stand", The sport psychologist, 11(1), pp.1~7 (1997)
  86. Terry, P. C., "The determinants and control of violence in sport", Quest, 37(1), pp.27~37 (1985)
  87. Tucker, L. W., "Effects of gender and sport type on intercollegiate athletes’ perceptions of the legitimacy of aggressive behaviors in sport", Sociology of Sport Journal, 18(4), pp.403~413 (2001)
  88. Vallance, J. K., "Perfectionism, anger, and situation criticality in competitive youth ice hockey", Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), pp.383~406 (2006)
  89. Watson, G. G., "Approach-avoidance behaviour in team sports : An application to leading Australian National Hockey players", International Journal of Sport Psychology, 17(2), pp.136~155 (1986)
  90. Weinberg, R. S., "Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology" (2014), Human Kinetics
  91. Weinstein, M. D., "Masculinity and hockey violence", Sex Roles, 33, pp.831~847 (1995)
  92. Williams, J. J., "Performance analysis and cheating in sport-a model for discussion", International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 11(1), pp.121~129 (2011)
  93. 윤명구, "운동선수의 불안수준과 공격성에 관한 연구 : 대학교 태권도선수를 중심으로", 석사, 스포츠심리학, pp.2003
  94. Zillmann, D., "Effect of residual excitation on the emotional response to provocation and delayed aggressive behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30(6), pp.782~ (1974)
  95. Zillmann, D., "Provoked and unprovoked aggressiveness in athletes", Journal of Research in Personality, 8(2), pp.139~152 (1974)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (14건)