성인 여성의 계단 보행 시 하이힐 굽 높이 변화에 따른 생체역학적 비교
Biomechanical Comparison of Stair Climbing Behavior with Different Heel Heights in High-Heeled Shoes in Adult Women
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[목적] 본 연구는 성인 여성의 계단 오르기 시 굽 높이 변화에 따른 운동역학적 변인을 분석함으로써 동작의 특성을 확인하고자 하였다. [방법] 근골격계 이상이 없는 총 24명의 20대 성인 여성(연령 22.08±1.28years, 신장 160.43±4.30cm, 체중 54.10 ±6.39kg)을 대상으로 하였으며, 모든 대상자는 굽 높이가 1·5·7cm인 같은 종류의 하이힐을 착용한 상태로 계단(높이18cm) 오르기 동작을 수행하였다. 10대의 적외선카메라(200Hz)와 계단 중간에 지면반력기(1000Hz)를 설치하였으며, 8채널의 근전도 측정장비(1000Hz)를 활용해 계단 오르기 시 각 관절의 최대모멘트와 근육 활성도를 분석하였다. 데이터 분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 27.0(IBM., USA)을 사용했습니다. 모든 변수는 Shapiro-Wilk’s 정규성 검정 결과를 토대로 결과에 따라 반복 측정 분산분석(Repeated Measure ANOVA) 또는 프리드먼 검정(Friedman test) 을 실시하였다. 사후 검정에는 LSD 검정 또는 Wilcoxon signed-rank 검정을 실시하였다. [결과] 첫째, 굽 높이가 증가함에 따라 발목관절의 최대 배측·저측·내반·내전 모멘트의 유의한 감소가 나타났다. 둘째, 무릎관절의 최대 신전·내전·외회전 모멘트는 굽 높이 증가에 따라 유의한 감소가 나타났으며, 최대 외전·내회전 모멘트는 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 셋째, 엉덩이관절의 최대 굴곡·신전·외전 모멘트는 굽 높이 증가에 따라 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 넷째, 대퇴직근, 내외측 광근, 반건양근, 비복근은 굽 높이 증가에 따라 걷기 동작에 비해 작은 근 활성을 나타냈지만 전경골근은 큰 근 활성을 나타냈다. [결론] 본 연구의 결과는 굽 높이가 증가함에 따라 발목의 사용은 제한되고 더 큰 무릎과 엉덩이 관절의 모멘트를 발생시킴으로써 부상의 위험성이 증가된다는 것을 시사하며, 특히 특정 근육에 대한 과사용으로 성인 여성들의 근력 불균형이나타날 수 있는 것으로 확인된다.
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize the kinematic variables of stair climbing in adult women by analyzing the effects of varying heel heights on their climbing behavior. METHODS A total of 24 adult women (age: 22.08±1.28years; height: 160.43±4.30cm; weight: 54.10±6.39kg) participated in this study. All subjects wore the same type of high heels with heights of 1cm, 5cm, and 7cm while performing stair climbing on stairs measuring 18cm in height. Ten infrared cameras (200Hz) and ground reaction force sensors (1000Hz) were set up on the stairs, along with an 8-channel electromyography system (1000Hz) to analyze the maximum moments at each joint and the muscle activation during stair climbing. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0 (IBM., USA). All variables underwent the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, with repeated measure analysis of variance or the Friedman test applied based on the results. Post hoc tests were conducted using the LSD test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Our study found four key findings. First, a significant decrease in maximum dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction moments of the ankle joint was observed with increasing heel height. Second, the maximum extension, adduction, and external rotation moments of the knee joint significantly decreased as heel height increased, while the maximum abduction and internal rotation moments significantly increased. Third, the maximum flexion, extension, and abduction moments of the hip joint significantly increased with higher heel heights. Fourth, muscle activity of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius decreased with increasing heel height compared to walking; however, muscle activity in the tensor fasciae latae increased. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that as heel height increases, the risk of injury may rise due to limited ankle use and increased moments in the knee and hip joints, potentially leading to muscle strength imbalances in adult women, particularly through the overuse of specific muscles.
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