본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

중년 성인의 체력증진을 위한 운동프로그램의 효과성 : 체계적 문헌고찰과 메타분석

Effectiveness of Exercise Programs for Improving Fitness in Middle- Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

송재영|김응준|조화연|임현정
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2024.09|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제35권 제3호|pp. 509-524

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

메타분석체계적 문헌고찰Middle-aged운동ExerciseSystematic reviewMeta-analysis중년Fitness체력
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구는 국내 중년 성인을 대상으로 운동 중재 프로그램의 효과성을 분석한 연구들을 통합하고 분석하기 위한체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석 연구이다. [방법] 2023년 9월 21일까지 DBpia, RISS, KISS에 국문 또는 영문으로 등록된 KCI 등재지에 한하여 문헌을 수집하였다. 연구질문에 부합하는 문헌을 수집하였으며 그렇지 않은 경우와 회색문헌은 배제하였다. 연구질문 설정을 위해 연구대상은 국내 중년성인, 중재는 운동 프로그램, 대조군은 중재를 실시하지 않은 집단, 결과지표는 체력 지표, 연구설계는 무작위 대조군 실험 설계로 설정하였다. 수집된 문헌의 비뚤림을 평가하기 위하여 연구자 2인이 RoB 2를 이용하여 독립적인 평가를 한 뒤, 일치하지 않는 의견에 대해서는 세 번째 연구자의 의견을 참고하여 최종 평가하였다. CMA 3.0 프로그램을 통하여 연구결과를 합성 및 도출하였다. 효과모형은 무작위효과모형을 활용하였고, 전체 효과크기는Hedge’s g값을 활용하여 추정하였다. [결과] 914건의 문헌이 수집되었으며, 그중 15건의 문헌이 분석에 활용되었다. 405명의 중년 성인을 대상으로 한 운동 중재 프로그램의 체력증진 효과를 합성하여 분석한 결과, 전체 효과크기(Hedge’s g)는 0.994로 나타났다(95% CI: 0.712-1.276). 하위 분석 결과, 근력(g=1.295, 95% CI: 0.909-1.682), 근지구력(g=0.972, 95% CI: 0.637-1.308), 심폐지구력(g=1.092, 95% CI: 0.453-1.731), 유연성(g=0.883, 95% CI: 0.555-1.210), 순발력(g=1.421, 95% CI: 0.656-2.186), 민첩성(g=1.854, 95% CI: 0.347-3.361) 모두 대조군에 비해 유의한 효과를 확인하였다. 여성만을 대상으로 진행한 추가 분석에서는 효과크기의 소폭 증가 경향을 확인하였으며, 체력 요인 간의 효과크기 순서는 변화하지 않았다. [결론] 본 연구 결과는 중년 성인의 체력증진을 위한 운동 프로그램의 효과성을 확인하였으며, 체계적 문헌 고찰을 통하여 체력 요인 별 효과적인 운동 프로그램 설정을 위한 탐색을 하였다. 추후 연구는 연구의 비뚤림 위험성을 최소화하며, 결과의 구체적인 보고를 통하여 연구 품질을 제고할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise programs in improving physical fitness among middle-aged adults in Korea. METHODS A literature search was conducted using KCI-registered databases on DBpia, RISS, and KISS up to September 21, 2023. The review followed the PICO SD framework (population: middle-aged adults; intervention: exercise program; comparison: did not participate in exercise program; outcome: physical fitness; study design: randomized controlled trials). Two researchers independently evaluated bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The data was synthesized using the CMA 3.0 program, applying a random effects model to estimate the overall effect size using Hedges’g. RESULTS Out of 914 screened documents, 15 studies were selected, comprising 405 participants. The overall effect size for improving physical fitness was significant (g=0.994, 95% CI: 0.712–1.276). Sub-analysis indicated significant improvements in various components, including muscle strength (g=1.295, 95% CI: 0.909-1.682), muscular endurance (g=0.972, 95% CI: 0.637-1.308), cardiorespiratory endurance (g=1.092, 95% CI: 0.453–1.731), flexibility (g=0.883, 95% CI: 0.555–1.210), muscle power (g=1.421, 95% CI: 0.656 2.186), and agility (g=1.854, 95% CI: 0.347–3.361) compared to the control group. An additional analysis focusing solely on women revealed a slight increase in effect size, although the order of effect sizes remained consistent across fitness components. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirms the effectiveness of exercise programs in enhancing physical fitness in middle-aged adults. The systematic review also highlights key considerations for designing exercise programs for this demographic. Future studies should aim to minimize bias and enhance the quality of reporting to ensure more robust results

참고문헌 (67)

  1. Adams, M., "Effects of physical activity interventions on strength, balance and falls in middleaged adults : A systematic review and meta-analysis", Sports Medicine – Open, 9, pp.61~ (2023)
  2. Afonso, J., "Strength training versus stretching for improving range of motion : A systematic review and meta-analysis", Healthcare, 9(4), pp.427~ (2021)
  3. American College of Sports Medicine, "ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription" (2022), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  4. Borenstein, M., "Introduction to meta-analysis" (2009), Wiley
  5. Borenstein, M., "Common mistakes in meta-analysis and how to avoid them" (2019), Biostat
  6. Borg, G. A., "Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion", Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 14(5), pp.377~381 (1982)
  7. Bull, F. C., "World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour", British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), pp.1451~1462 (2020)
  8. Byeon, J. -K., "Effects of 12week taekwondo program on physical fitness, body composition and physical self-efficacy in middle-aged women", Korean Journal of Sport Science, 19(2), pp.12~20 (2008)
  9. Chae, J. -W., "Effects of ballet bar and elastic band exercise on body composition, physical fitness and postural correction in middle-aged women", Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine, 8(2), pp.109~119 (2020)
  10. Cho, E. -H., "Effects of 8 weeks of home-based(built-in exercise equipment)resistance training on body composition and muscle function in middle-aged adults", The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 62(3), pp.103~116 (2023)
  11. Choi, B. -G., "The effects of a video circuit exercise on body compositions and health-related fitness in obese middle-aged women", Korean Journal of Sports Science, 29(5), pp.1343~1350 (2020)
  12. Choi, J. -H., "The effect of 12-week forest walking on functional fitness, selfefficacy, and stress in the middle-aged women", The Journal of Korean Institute of Forest Recreation, 20(3), pp.27~38 (2016)
  13. Cohen, J., "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences" (1988), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  14. Davis, J. C., "The role of balance and agility training in fall reduction : A comprehensive review", European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 40(3), pp.211~221 (2004)
  15. Eem, E. -C., "Effects of 8 weeks of circuit exercise training on body composition, physical fitness, stress index, and atherogenic index in bus drivers", The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 56(2), pp.553~564 (2017)
  16. Flegg, J. L., "The effect of normative aging on the cardiovascular system", The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 3(6), pp.25~31 (1994)
  17. Fleiss, J. L., "Analysis of data from multiclinic trials", Controlled Clinical Trials, 7(4), pp.267~275 (1986)
  18. Follmann, D., "Variance imputation for overviews of clinical trials with continuous response", Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45(7), pp.769~773 (1992)
  19. Gauchard, G. C., "Physical activity improves gaze and posture control in the elderly", Neuroscience Research, 45(4), pp.409~417 (2003)
  20. Han, J. -Y., "Effects of combined training of rope skipping and walking on body composition, physical fitness, blood lipids, and insulin resistance in middleaged women", Korean Journal of Sport Science, 20(2), pp.199~211 (2009)
  21. Hedges, L. V., "Fixed-and random-effects models in meta-analysis", Psychological Methods, 3(4), pp.486~504 (1998)
  22. Higgins, J. P. T., "Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions" (2019), Wiley Blackwell
  23. Higgins, J. P. T., "Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses", BMJ, 327(7414), pp.557~560 (2003)
  24. "Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions - Version 6.4" (2023)[URL]
  25. Hong, Y. -S., "Effect of 12week walking training on physical fitness and blood pressure in middle aged women", Journal of Coaching Development, 8(4), pp.341~349 (2006)
  26. Jones, M. D., "Sex differences in adaptations in muscle strength and size following resistance training in older adults : A systematic review and meta-analysis", Sports Medicine, 51(3), pp.503~517 (2021)
  27. Kang, H. -S., "Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of elevated resting blood pressures in middle-aged Korean women", Exercise Science, 18(1), pp.83~90 (2009)
  28. Kelley, G. A., "Effects of aerobic exercise on C-reactive protein, body composition, and maximum oxygen consumption in adults : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", Metabolism, 55(11), pp.1500~1507 (2006)
  29. Kim, E. -J., "Impacts of Qi-Gong on the functional physical fitness and metabolic syndrome indexes of middle-aged men and women", Journal of the Korean society for Wellness, 8(2), pp.155~167 (2013)
  30. Kim, J. -H., "The change of inflammatory factors and insulin resistance in different cardiorespiratory fitness levels on middle aged women by moderate aerobic exercise", The Korea Journal of Sports Science, 25(1), pp.1315~1327 (2016)
  31. Kim, T.-M, "Effects of 12 weeks balance walking PT exercise on physical and mental health in middleaged women", Asian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 10(4), pp.61~81 (2022)
  32. Ko, K. -J., "The effects of walking exercise program on agingrelated hormones in elderly men", Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion, 27(4), pp.73~81 (2010)
  33. Korea health statistics 2021: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅷ-3), "Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency", ~ (2022)
  34. Ku, B. -J., "The effect of Taekwondo self-defense training on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and myokine cathepsin b in middle-aged women", Taekwondo Journal of Kukkiwon, 12(2), pp.49~59 (2021)
  35. Lee, H. -B., "Correlation between BMI, physical activity and indicators of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adult", Journal of Korea Society for Wellness, 16(3), pp.387~394 (2021)
  36. Lee, J. -W., "The influences of pilate program with mat for 12 weeks on physical performance and muscular function in middle-aged females", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 22(11), pp.41~49 (2021)
  37. Lee, M. -J., "Effects of walking exercise on cognitive and physical functions : Metaanalysis of older adults", Forest Science and Technology, 20(2), pp.201~212 (2024)
  38. Lee, S. -H., "Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and healthcare costs in adults using the criterion referenced fitness thresholds : The Korea Institute of Sport Science Fitness Standards Study", Exercise Science, 30(4), pp.501~509 (2021)
  39. Lee, E. -S., "Effects of a 12 week-walking program on cardiorespiratory fitness, serum lipids, vaspin, and obesity-related markers in middle-aged women", Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society, 15(2), pp.919~935 (2013)
  40. Li, Y., "Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: Prospective cohort study", BMJ, 368, pp.l6669~ (2020)
  41. Markov, A., "Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults : A systematic review with meta-analysis", Sports Medicine, 53(2), pp.437~455 (2023)
  42. McGuinness, L. A., "Risk-of-bias VISualization(robvis) : An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments", Research Synthesis Methods, 12(1), pp.55~61 (2021)
  43. Ministry of Health and Welfare, & Korea Health Promotion Institute, "Physical activity guidelines for Koreans revised edition", ~ (2023)
  44. Moon, H. -H., "The effects of Zumba dance program on health fitness and blood composition of obese middle-aged women", The Korean Journal of Sport, 17(1), pp.445~452 (2019)
  45. Nakamura, K., "A"super-aged"society and the"locomotive syndrome"", Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 13(1), pp.1~2 (2008)
  46. National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, "NECA’s guidance for undertaking systematic reviews and meta-analyses for intervention", ~ (2011)
  47. Health technology assessment methodology: Systematic review, "National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency", ~ (2020)
  48. Oh, S. -L., "Effect of high supervision ratio during whole body vibration exercise on body composition, physical fitness and blood lipids in middle-aged overweight women", Korean Journal of Sports Science, 28(2), pp.945~954 (2019)
  49. Page, M. J., "The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews", BMJ, 372(n71) (2020)
  50. Park, S. -Y., "The effects of 8 weeks of pilates core exercise on body composition and physical fitness in a middle-aged women", Korean Journal of Sports Science, 29(5), pp.1313~1323 (2020)
  51. Penedo, F. J., "Exercise and well-being : A review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity", Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18(2), pp.189~193 (2005)
  52. Powers, S. K., "Total fitness &wellness" (2014), Pearson
  53. Santos, A. C., "The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: A population-attributable fraction analysis", The Lancet Global Health, 11(1), pp.E32~E39 (2023)
  54. Shen, S., "Association of physical fitness and motor ability at young age with locomotive syndrome risk in middle-aged and older men : J-Fit+ Study", BMC Geriatrics, 21, pp.89~ (2021)
  55. Shin, J. -H., "The effects on body composition, health related physical fitness and metabolic syndrome factors of working exercise program in obese middle-aged women", Journal of Coaching Development, 18(1), pp.39~46 (2016)
  56. Son, W. -M., "Effect of circuit training on aging-related hormones in obese middle-aged women", Journal of Life Science, 27(9), pp.1047~1051 (2017)
  57. Straight, C. R., "Effects of resistance training on lowerextremity muscle power in middle-aged and older adults : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials", Sports Medicine, 46(3), pp.353~364 (2016)
  58. Sung, B. -J., "Differences in blood pressure and obesity according to the physical fitness level for Korean older persons : Considering data from the National Fitness 100", Korean Journal of Sport Science, 33(2), pp.161~168 (2022)
  59. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Physical activity guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition", ~ (2018)
  60. Wolf, F. M., "Meta-analysis: Quantitative methods for research synthesis" (1986), Sage Publications
  61. Won, Y. -D., "The effect of walking program on health-related physical fitness and change of blood components in obese middle-aged women", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 37, pp.1141~1150 (2009)
  62. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour: A brief to support older people, "World Health Organization", ~ (2022)
  63. Global status report on physical activity 2022: Country profiles, "World Health Organization", ~ (2022)
  64. Yang, J. -S., "Effects of combined conventional training on body composition, physique, and fitness in healthy middle-and older-aged women", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 52, pp.827~840 (2013)
  65. Yoo, D. -H., "The effects of crossfit-based training and weight training on health-related physical fitness, functional fitness and blood lipids in middle-aged men", Exercise Science, 24(2), pp.109~116 (2015)
  66. Youn, T. -E., "Effects of 12 weeks of yoga training program on physical fitness and cardiorespiratory function in middle-aged women", The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 56(6), pp.561~572 (2017)
  67. Zhou, W. -S., "Effects of aquatic exercises on physical fitness and quality of life in postmenopausal women : An updated systematic review and meta-analysis", Frontiers in Public Health, 11, pp.1126126~ (2023)

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)

단거리 스피드 스케이팅 선수의 슬라이드 보드 훈련 시 시간 변화에 따른 운동역학적 요인의 변화박상균, 윤정민pp. 401-4112022년 태권도 경기규칙 개정 전, 후의 경기내용 분석강성기, 김태훈pp. 412-426한국도핑방지위원회 샤프롱 운영에 관한 정책적 제언최희동, 홍은아, 이현주, 김소현, 변지희pp. 427-436스포츠웨어 브랜드의 ESG 경영활동에 대한 메시지신뢰와 진정성이 소비자행동에 미치는 영향: ESG 적합성과 회의주의의 매개효과주형철, 조원호pp. 437-451특수체육 지도현장에서 발생하는 장애아동 학대의 원인과 전개과정 탐색조가람, 이용호pp. 452-465
원문 보기