축구선수 정신적 강인함의 발달에 대한 근거이론 접근: 선수-지도자 상호작용 과정 및 인식 차이 탐색
Grounded Theory Approach to the Development of Mental Toughness: Exploring the Soccer Player–Coach Interactions and Their Perception
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[목적] 축구선수 정신적 강인함(발달과 특성)에 대한 선수-지도자의 체험을 통합적으로 비교하고, 그 현상에서 나타나는 선수와 지도자의 상호작용 과정 및 인식의 차이를 탐색하는 것이다. [방법] 총 12명의 참여자(선수 6명, 지도자 6명)를 대상으로 반구조화된 개인 면담을 실시하고, Strauss와 Corbin의 근거이론 접근에 따라 자료를 분석하였으며, 선수와 지도자 집단의 결과를 각각 도출하고 이를 비교하였다. [결과] 첫째, 선수와 지도자 모두 경쟁 맥락에서 요구되는 압박에 대한 대처 경험이 정신적 강인함 발달의 중심현상이라고 인식했다. 둘째, 축구선수에게 압박에 대한 대처 경험을 일으키는 상황 및 조건과 관련해서, 선수는 경쟁적 상황에서지각하는 요구와 집단환경의 조건에서 형성되는 개인의 목표 성향을, 지도자는 축구선수가 경험하는 경쟁과 발달의 과정에서 형성되는 태도의 측면을 강조했다. 셋째, 선수-지도자의 상호작용은 축구선수가 압박-대처 경험으로부터 정신적 강인함을 형성시키는 중재 조건으로 확인되었으며, 선수는 지도자의 관계 및 지도자로부터의 신뢰를, 지도자는 코칭에 관한 철학 및 이에 대한 선수의 반응이 이를 조절한다고 인식했다. 넷째, 축구선수의 정신적 강인함 발달을 위해 요구되는 상호전략으로는, 선수는 낙관적 사고를 강조하고 지도자는 성취지향적 사고를 강조했으며, 두 집단 모두 인내와극복을 중심 특성으로 강조하지만, 선수는 자기확신과 탄력성의 측면에서, 지도자는 자기절제와 헌신의 측면에서 정신적 강인함을 인식하였다. [결론] 본 연구는 종목의 특수성(축구) 및 인식의 주체(선수-지도자)에 따라 달라질 수 있는 정신적 강인함에 대한 통합적 비교를 근거이론으로 제시하였며, 특히 주요 결과인 현상에 대한 상호작용방식은 스포츠 현장의 선수와 지도자에게정신적 강인함 발달을 위한 유용한 전략을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
PURPOSE This study comprehensively compared the perception and interaction of player–coach in the development of mental toughness in soccer. METHODS Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews from 12 participants (6 athletes and 6 coaches), analyzed using the grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin, and they were compared to the group of athletes and coaches, respectively. RESULTS The following results were obtained: (1) Both athletes and coaches recognized that the experience of coping with the pressure present in competition was a central phenomenon in the development of mental toughness. (2) Regarding the situation and condition that lead to coping with pressure, the athletes emphasized the individual's goal orientation in the context of competitive situations and environmental conditions, while the coaches emphasized the athletic attitude toward competition and development in childhood. (3) The athlete–coach interaction was identified as an intervening condition affecting the experience of coping with pressure. (4) As the action–reaction strategy for the development of mental toughness, the optimistic thinking was emphasized for athlete and achievement-oriented thinking for coach; thus, it differed in the characteristics of mental toughness. CONCLUSIONS This study presented the results of an integrated comparison of mental toughness, which can vary depending on the contextual specificity (soccer) and the subject of perception (athlete– coach), especially indicating the importance of the player–coach interaction, which can contribute to the strategy to be used in mental toughness development.
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