인위적 기원 가돌리늄(gadolinium)의 해양 유입 연구 동향 및 향후 연구 방향
Anthropogenic Gadolinium (Gd) Inputs into the Ocean: Review and Future Direction
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Gadolinium (Gd), one of a rare earth element (REE), has been widely used worldwide since the 1980s, as a resource material for contrast agents injected into examiners of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test. The organic complexed form of Gd shows an extremely stable behavior in natural environment (water), so is known that the artificial Gd from medical uses is not removed from the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and eventually introduced into the ocean through the estuary. Since the 1990s, some previous studies have often been conducted on Gd anomalies in natural water and their effects an artificial origin from land or metropolitan areas, but little research has been potential impacts on the ocean water. In this paper, we review and introduce recent studies related to Gd anomaly in natural water and related marine effects, and also propose the future research directions.
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd), one of a rare earth element (REE), has been widely used worldwide since the 1980s, as a resource material for contrast agents injected into examiners of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test. The organic complexed form of Gd shows an extremely stable behavior in natural environment (water), so is known that the artificial Gd from medical uses is not removed from the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) and eventually introduced into the ocean through the estuary. Since the 1990s, some previous studies have often been conducted on Gd anomalies in natural water and their effects an artificial origin from land or metropolitan areas, but little research has been potential impacts on the ocean water. In this paper, we review and introduce recent studies related to Gd anomaly in natural water and related marine effects, and also propose the future research directions.
참고문헌 (66)
- Alibo DS, "Rare earth elements in seawater:particle association, shale-normalization, and Ce oxidation", Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 63, pp.363~372 (1999)
- Alibo DS, "Dissolved rare earth elements in the South China Sea: geochemical characterization of the water masses", J Geophys Res-Oceans, 105, pp.28771~28783 (2000)
- Alibo DS, "Dissolved rare earth elements in the eastern Indian Ocean: chemical tracers of the water masses", Deep-Sea Res Pt I, 51, pp.559~576 (2004)
- Bau M, "Anthropogenic origin of positive gadolinium anomalies in river waters", Earth Planet Sci Lett, 143, pp.245~255 (1996)
- Bau M, "Anthropogenic gadolinium as a micropollutant in river waters in Pennsylvania and in Lake Erie, northeastern United States", Chem Erde-Geochem, 66, pp.143~152 (2006)
- Bellin MF, "Currently used non-specific extracellular MR contrast media", Eur Radiol, 13, pp.2688~2698 (2003)
- Brücher E, "The chemistry of contrast a gents in medical magnetic resonance imaging (2nd edition) vol 2", pp.157~208 (2013), John Wiley and Sons
- Caravan P, "Strategies for increasing the sensitivity of gadolinium based MRI contrast agents", Chem Soc Rev, 35, pp.512~523 (2006)
- Caravan P, "Thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of MS-325, a new blood pool agent for magnetic resonance imaging", Inorg Chem, 40, pp.2170~2176 (2001)
- Caravan P, "Gadolinium (III) chelates as MRI contrast agents: structure, dynamics, and applications", Chem Rev, 99, pp.2293~2352 (1999)
- Carr DH, "Gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast agent in MRI: initial clinical experience in 20 patients", American J Roentgenol, 143, pp.215~224 (1984)
- Chevis DA, "Rare earth element cycling in a sandy subterranean estuary in Florida, USA", Mar Chem, 176, pp.34~50 (2015)
- Francisco Ferreira de Campos, "Anthropogenic gadolinium anomalies and rare earth elements in the water of Atibaia River and Anhumas Creek, Southeast Brazil", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(5) (2016), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Pooria Ebrahimi, "Gadolinium as an Emerging Microcontaminant in Water Resources: Threats and Opportunities", Geosciences, 9(2), pp.93~ (2019), MDPI AG[DOI]
- Elderfield H, "The rare earth elements in seawater", Nature, 296, pp.214~219 (1982)
- Goldberg ED, "Rare‐Earth distributions in the marine environment", J Geophys Res, 68, pp.4209~4217 (1963)
- Hasdenteufel F, "Anaphylactic shock after first exposure to gadoterate meglumine: two case reports documented by positive allergy assessment", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 121, pp.527~528 (2008)
- Hatje V, "Determination of rare earth elements after pre-concentration using NOBIASchelate PA-1® resin: method development and application in the San Francisco Bay plume", Mar Chem, 160, pp.34~41 (2014)
- Hatje V, "Increases in anthropogenic gadolinium anomalies and rare earth element concentrations in San Francisco Bay over a 20 year record", Environ Sci Tech, 50(8), pp.4159~4168 (2016)
- Henderson P, "Rare earth element geochemistry", pp.501~ (2013), Elsevier
- Hennebrüder K, "Determination of gadolinium in river water by SPE preconcentration and ICP-MS", Talanta, 63, pp.309~316 (2004)
- Johannesson KH, "Submarine groundwater discharge is an important net source of light and middle REEs to coastal waters of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA", Geochim Cosmochim Ac, 75, pp.825~843 (2011)
- Johannesson KH, "Rare earth element behavior during groundwater–seawater mixing along the Kona Coast of Hawaii", Geochim Cosmochim Ac, 198, pp.229~258 (2017)
- Kanazawa Y, "Rare earth minerals and resources in the world", J Alloy Compd, 408, pp.1339~1343 (2006)
- "Brief of health industry, market analysis of medical device" (2018)[URL]
- Guebuem Kim, "Large submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from a volcanic island", Geophysical Research Letters, 30(21) (2003), American Geophysical Union (AGU)[DOI]
- Kim G, "Radium tracing of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nutrient fluxes in a highly-permeable bed coastal zone", Korea. Mar Chem, 109, pp.307~317 (2008)
- Kim I, "Large fluxes of rare earth elements through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from a volcanic island, Jeju", Mar Chem, 127, pp.12~19 (2011)
- Kim I, "Submarine groundwater discharge as a main source of rare earth elements in coastal waters", Mar Chem, 160, pp.11~17 (2014)[DOI]
- Kim I, "Analytical artifacts associated with the chelating resin extraction of dissolved rare earth elements in natural water samples", Aquat Geochem, 16, pp.611~620 (2010)
- Kim I, "Anthropogenic gadolinium in lakes and rivers near metrocities in Korea", Environ Sci : Process Impacts, 22, pp.144~151 (2020)
- Kim T, "Tracing river water versus wastewater sources of trace elements using rare earth elements in the Nakdong River estuarine waters", Mar Pollut Bull, 160, pp.111589~ (2020)
- Knappe A, "Positive gadolinium anomaly in surface water and ground water of the urban area Berlin, Germany", Geochem, 65, pp.167~189 (2005)
- Kulaksız S, "Contrasting behaviour of anthropogenic gadolinium and natural rare earth elements in estuaries and the gadolinium input into the North Sea", Earth Planet Sc Lett, 260, pp.361~371 (2007)
- Kulaksız S, "Rare earth elements in the Rhine River, Germany: first case of anthropogenic lanthanum as a dissolved microcontaminant in the hydrosphere", Environ Int, 37(5), pp.973~979 (2011)
- Kulaksız S, "Anthropogenic gadolinium as a microcontaminant in tap water used as drinking water in urban areas and megacities", Appl Geochem, 26, pp.1877~1885 (2011)
- Lawrence MG, "Rare earth element concentrations in the natural water reference materials (NRCC)NASS-5, CASS-4 and SLEW-3", Geostand Geoanal Res, 31, pp.95~103 (2007)
- Lawrence MG, "Detection of anthropogenic gadolinium in treated wastewater in South East Queensland, Australia", Water Res, 43, pp.3534~3540 (2009)
- Massari S, "Rare earth elements as critical raw materials: focus on international markets and future strategies", Resour Policy, 38, pp.36~43 (2013)
- Masuda A, "Lanthanide tetrad effect observed in marine environment", Geochem J, 13, pp.19~22 (1979)
- McLennan SM, "Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks;influence of provenance and sedimentary processes (Ch. 7)", Rev Mineral, 21, pp.169~200 (1989)
- McLennan SM, "Rare earth element geochemistry and the “tetrad” effect", Geochim Cosmochim Ac, 58, pp.2025~2033 (1994)
- Merschel G, "Tracing and tracking wastewater-derived substances in freshwater lakes and reservoirs: anthropogenic gadolinium and geogenic REEs in Lake Paranoá, Brasilia", CR Geosci, 347, pp.284~293 (2015)
- Möller P, "Anomalous gadolinium, cerium, and yttrium contents in the adige and isarco river waters and in the water of their tributaries (Provinces Trento and Bolzano", Bozen, NE Italy), 2003, pp.31, 225~239
- Nozaki Y, "Dissolved indium and rare earth elements in three Japanese rivers and Tokyo Bay: evidence for anthropogenic Gd and In", Geochim Cosmochim Ac, 64, pp.3975~3982 (2000)
- "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) exams" (2021)[URL]
- Osborne AH, "Rare earth element distribution in Caribbean seawater: continental inputs versus lateral transport of distinct REE compositions in subsurface water masses", Mar Chem, 177, pp.172~183 (2015)
- Pedreira RM, "Tracking hospital effluent-derived gadolinium in Atlantic coastal waters off Brazil", Water Res, 145, pp.62~72 (2018)
- Raju CSK, "A novel solid phase extraction method for pre-concentration of gadolinium and gadolinium based MRI contrast agents from the environment", J Anal Atom Spectrom, 25, pp.1573~1580 (2010)
- Raut NM, "Mathematical correction for polyatomic isobaric spectral interferences in determination of lanthanides by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry", J Chin Chem Soc, 52(4), pp.589~597 (2005)
- Rogowska J, "Gadolinium as a new emerging contaminant of aquatic environments", Environ Toxicol Chem, 37(6), pp.1523~1534 (2018)
- Rudnick RL, "The Crust, Treatise on Geochemistry vol 3", pp.659~ (2003), Elsevier
- Sawatari H, "Multielement determination of rare earth elements in coastal seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after preconcentration using chelating resin", Bull Chem Soc Jpn, 68, pp.3065~3070 (1995)
- Shabani MB, "Preconcentration of trace rare-earth elements in seawater by complexation with bis (2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate adsorbed on a C18 cartridge and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry", Anal Chem, 64, pp.737~743 (1992)
- Sholkovitz ER, "Rare earth elements in the sediments of the North Atlantic Ocean, Amazon Delta, and East China Sea; reinterpretation of terrigenous input patterns to the oceans", Am J Sci, 288, pp.236~281 (1988)
- Smith C, "Spatial and temporal distribution of rare earth elements in the Neuse River, North Carolina", Chem Geol, 488, pp.34~43 (2018)
- Song H, "Anthropogenic rare earth elements and their spatial distributions in the Han River, South Korea", Chemosphere, 172, pp.155~165 (2017)
- Stack JP, "Magnetic resonance imaging of acoustic neuromas: the role of gadolinium-DTPA", Brit J Radiol, 61, pp.800~805 (1988)
- Taylor SR, "The continental crust: its composition and evolution", pp.312~ (1985), Blackwell
- Thakral C, "Long-term retention of gadolinium in tissues from nephrogenic systemic fibrosis patient after multiple gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans: case report and implications", Contrast Media Mol, 12, pp.199~205 (2007)
- gadolinate (2-) in a mixture with its enantiomer, "Inorg Chem", 1995, 633~643
- "Rare earth statistics" (2014)[URL]
- Verplanck PL, "Aqueous stability of gadolinium in surface waters receiving sewage treatment plant effluent, Boulder Creek, Colorado", Environ Sci Tech, 39, pp.6923~6929 (2005)
- White GW, "Comparison of Gd (DTPA-BMA)(Omniscan) versus Gd(HP-DO3A)(ProHance)relative to gadolinium retention in human bone tissue by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy", Invest Radiol, 41, pp.272~278 (2006)
- Zhanheng C, "Global rare earth resources and scenarios of future rare earth industry", J Rare Earth, 29, pp.1~6 (2011)
- Zhu Y, "Gadolinium anomaly in the distributions of rare earth elements observed for coastal seawater and river waters around Nagoya City", Bull Chem Soc Jpn, 77, pp.1835~1842 (2004)
