몽골의 방목지 관리제도의 특성과 공유자산 관리체계의 함의
Implication of Mongolian Pasture Land Management and Common Property Regimes
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Abstract
Mongolia has one of the largest areas of common grazing land in the world, with one third of the population directly reliant on nomadic pastoralism for their livelihoods. After collapse of socialism, immigrants who have no experience as herder from urban areas have caused problems due to their tendency to remain close to city or town centers, to move little in comparison with prior herders, and to free ride due to their lack of integration into local communities. In result, some areas have suffered from overgrazing and congestion in pasture land. Many speculate insisted that Mongolia's grazing lands will become one case for the Hardin “The tragedy of the commons”. Followers of Hardin/Ophuls insisted that pasture management in Mongila requires either Leviathan on the one hand or individual property on the other to prevent “tragedy”. But, prior to collectivization, Mongolia’s grazing lands were managed as pseudo-commons under local land tenure arrangements that evolved over centuries. Mongolian have history in which they keep pasture land sound and sustainable. Although it is true that the social and political change have adverse and diverse effect on pasture land management, we can see also that indigenous, local self-regulation groups have emerged to keep their pasture land sustainable, to keep their pasture land from free riders. In this paper, we want draw the implication of commons gazing management in Mongolia on other commons or national trust movement in Korea.
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