아랍인 의식 속의 초월적 존재 연구-정령(精靈)의 유형을 중심으로-
A Study on Supernatural Beings in Arab's Consciousness -Types of Spirits-
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This study aims at the investigation of the social meaning of the belief of the spirits in Arab's consciousness and its effects through analysis of the concepts of the supernatural beings in the views of the popular beliefs and their roles in the narrative literatures and the Islamic tenets. The supernatural beings in Arab's consciousness are Jinn and Ifrīt and Ghūl and Mārid and Iblīs. As the consequence of examination of the character of each spirit and its social function in the viewpoint of the popular beliefs, this study finds the malicious spirits are changed into the mild and beneficent spirits when the human beings do good deeds toward them, so the beliefs of the spirits are on the base of the lesson of encouraging the good and punishing the evil. In Alf Lailah wa Lailah, there are no clear limits between the roles of the spirits and they appear as the similar beings in the most of the stories. In Kalilah wa Dimnah, only Jinn appear as the supernatural being. This point means Islam tried to put the beliefs of the spirits in good order within the Islamic tenets and recognized the existence of supernatural beings at a minimum scope. In Quran Jinn are explained as the spirit and Iblīs are explained as the Satan. Jinn are the created beings by Allah and they have existed in this world earlier than the human beings by thousands years. Quran warns Muslim against their worship of Jinn and emphasizes their worship of Jinn should be punished in the next world. The Arab keep on the tradition of popular beliefs while they have strict monotheism. This phenomenon is continued in the base of Arab's consciousness as the folk Islam. This reflects the conservativeness of Arab who follow their tradition strongly. Also it reflects the tolerance of Islam which had accepted the established popular beliefs and the regional customs and had tried to harmonize them.
Abstract
This study aims at the investigation of the social meaning of the belief of the spirits in Arab's consciousness and its effects through analysis of the concepts of the supernatural beings in the views of the popular beliefs and their roles in the narrative literatures and the Islamic tenets. The supernatural beings in Arab's consciousness are Jinn and Ifrīt and Ghūl and Mārid and Iblīs. As the consequence of examination of the character of each spirit and its social function in the viewpoint of the popular beliefs, this study finds the malicious spirits are changed into the mild and beneficent spirits when the human beings do good deeds toward them, so the beliefs of the spirits are on the base of the lesson of encouraging the good and punishing the evil. In Alf Lailah wa Lailah, there are no clear limits between the roles of the spirits and they appear as the similar beings in the most of the stories. In Kalilah wa Dimnah, only Jinn appear as the supernatural being. This point means Islam tried to put the beliefs of the spirits in good order within the Islamic tenets and recognized the existence of supernatural beings at a minimum scope. In Quran Jinn are explained as the spirit and Iblīs are explained as the Satan. Jinn are the created beings by Allah and they have existed in this world earlier than the human beings by thousands years. Quran warns Muslim against their worship of Jinn and emphasizes their worship of Jinn should be punished in the next world. The Arab keep on the tradition of popular beliefs while they have strict monotheism. This phenomenon is continued in the base of Arab's consciousness as the folk Islam. This reflects the conservativeness of Arab who follow their tradition strongly. Also it reflects the tolerance of Islam which had accepted the established popular beliefs and the regional customs and had tried to harmonize them.
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