영어 어말 치경마찰음과 선행모음길이에 관한 연구: 미국 영어를 중심으로
A study on English word’s final alveolar fricatives and vowel durations in American English
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
It has generally been accepted that vowels are shorter before voiceless consonants than before voiced consonants in English. The purpose of this study was to investigate duration and intensity of English word-final alveolar fricatives with preceding vowels depending on gender, age, function word versus content word, word frequency, and preceding vowel length of alveolar fricatives factors based on the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech. First, vowel shortening before voiceless alveolar fricatives was not found. Overall preceding vowel durations of the voiceless and voiced alveolar fricatives were longer than frication noise durations. Second, the ratio of preceding vowel duration to frication noise duration appeared to be larger in voiced contexts than in voiceless contexts. Third, there was no significant gender difference in the ratio of preceding vowel duration to frication noise. These results suggest that preceding vowel durations are not determined by the voicing of alveolar fricatives and that vowel shortening before voiceless alveolar fricatives does not apply in a conversational speech.
Abstract
It has generally been accepted that vowels are shorter before voiceless consonants than before voiced consonants in English. The purpose of this study was to investigate duration and intensity of English word-final alveolar fricatives with preceding vowels depending on gender, age, function word versus content word, word frequency, and preceding vowel length of alveolar fricatives factors based on the Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech. First, vowel shortening before voiceless alveolar fricatives was not found. Overall preceding vowel durations of the voiceless and voiced alveolar fricatives were longer than frication noise durations. Second, the ratio of preceding vowel duration to frication noise duration appeared to be larger in voiced contexts than in voiceless contexts. Third, there was no significant gender difference in the ratio of preceding vowel duration to frication noise. These results suggest that preceding vowel durations are not determined by the voicing of alveolar fricatives and that vowel shortening before voiceless alveolar fricatives does not apply in a conversational speech.
참고문헌 (21)
- Byrd, D., "Preliminary results on speaker-dependent variation in the TIMIT database", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92, pp.593~596 (1992)
- Chen, M., "Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of consonant environment", Phonetica, 22, pp.196~210 (1970)
- Cho, H., "Variation in vowel duration depending on voicing in American, British, and New Zealand English", Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 8(3), pp.11~20 (2016)
- Chomsky, N., "The sound of pattern of English" (1968), Harper and Row
- Flege, J. E., "Phonetic interference in second language acquisition", doctor, pp.1979
- Fox, R. A., "Sex-related acoustic changes in voiceless English fricatives", Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 48(4), pp.753~765 (2005)
- Fromkin, V. A., "Linguistic studies offered to Joseph Greenberg on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday", pp.365~380 (1977), Anma Libri
- Henton, C. G., "Cross-language variation in the vowels of female and male speakers", Proceedings of the 13th International Congress Phonetic Sciences, pp.420~423 (1995)
- Johnson, K., "Acoustic vowel reduction in Creek : Effects of distinctive length and position in the word", Phonetica, 58, pp.81~102 (2001)
- Keating, P. A., "A phonetic study of a voicing contrast in Polish", doctor, pp.1979
- Keating, P. A., "Phonetic linguistics: Essays in honor of Peter Ladefoged", pp.115~132 (1985), Academic Press
- Leech, G., "Word frequencies in written and spoken English: Based on the British national corpus" (2001), Longman
- Mack, M., "Voicing-dependent vowel duration in English and French : Monolingual and bilingual production", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 70, pp.173~178 (1982)
- Neu, H., "Locating language in time and space", pp.37~54 (1980), Academic Press
- Nirgianaki, E., "Temporal characteristics of Greek fricatives", Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of Greek Linguistic, pp.25~33 (2009)
- Patterson, D., "Variant frequency in American English flap production : A corpus analysis of variant frequency in flap production", Phonetica, 58(4), pp.254~275 (2001)
- Pitt, M. A., "Buckeye corpus of conversational speech" (2007), Ohio State University
- Port, R., "The influence of tempo on stop closure duration as a cue for voicing and place", Journal of Phonetics, 7, pp.45~56 (1979)
- Port, R., "Neutralization of obstruent voicing in German is incomplete", Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 70(Suppl. 1), pp.S13(A)~ (1981)
- Slowiazcek, L. M., "On the neutralizing status of Polish word-final devoicing", Journal of Phonetics, 13, pp.325~341 (1985)
- Wolfram, W., "A sociolinguistic description of Detroit Negro speech" (1969), Center for Applied Linguistics