중증장애인 독립생활에 관한 이론적 고찰
A Theoretical Study on the Independent Living of the Severely Disabled
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본 연구는 중증장애인의 독립생활의 내용과 서비스 형태, 독립생활에 관한 과학적 접근, 독립생활 및 프로그램의 평가를 독립생활 프로그램 개발이 잘 되어있는 미국의 경우를 중심으로 문헌고찰을 하였다.독립생활의 내용과 서비스 형태에서는 독립생활의 구성요소, 독립생활에서의 기능적 능력들과 행동, 독립생활에서 강조되는 서비스 형태를 알아보았고, 독립생활에 대한 과학적 접근에서는 독립의 발달학적 관점, 독립의 심리학적 관점을 구명하였으며, 독립생활 및 프로그램의 평가에서는 독립생활 상태의 평가, 독립생활 프로그램의 평가에 관해 고찰하였다. 장애인들에게 있어 독립생활이란 스스로가 최대한 만족할 수 있는 수준에서 모든 기회를 소유하는 것을 의미하고, 여기에는 신변처리, 지역에서의 일상생활에의 참가, 사회적 역할의 수행, 자기결정, 신체적 및 심리적인 타인에의 의존을 최소한으로 할 것이 포함된다.
Abstract
This theoretical study is focused on the U.S.A.-centered programs that the contents and emphasis of the independent living of the severely disabled persons, the scientific research on the independent living, and the evaluation of the independent living and program are well developed. The elements of structure, the functional ability and behavior, and the service pattern emphasized in the independent living are examined in the contents and emphases of the independent living. The developmental aspects and the psychological aspects in the scientific research on independent living were investigated. The assessment of the achievements of the independent living and the tool and method of the assessment of the independent living program were investigated in the evaluation of the independent living and program. The independent living of the disabled person means that they own all the opportunities in the level that they are satisfied with themselves to their utmost, in which are included self care skill, participation in daily life in the community, the performance of social role, self decision and physical and minimized psychological dependent of others.
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