儒學視域下的《論佛骨表》小考
A brief examination of "On the Bone List of Buddha" from the perspective of Confucianism
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唐代是佛教傳入中國以來，最爲興盛的時代。唐代曆來君主均對佛教禮遇有加，均有過關於崇佛的大型祭祀活動。韓愈是唐宋八大家之一，是佛教最大的“反對派”，也是新儒學的開拓者。韓愈的名篇《論佛骨表》是史上著名的反佛檄文，其中言辭激烈地反對唐憲宗即將進行的“奉迎佛骨”祭祀活動，明確表達了自己排佛的立場和決心。本文擬從儒學的角度出發，通過《論佛骨表》中對“奉迎佛骨”事件的反對和論證，分析韓愈的儒學觀與唐代佛教發展的對立和沖突，沖突包括：倫理觀、身體觀、祭祀觀以及對民眾教化等方面。本文也試圖從儒家思想的角度分析韓愈此次上疏唐憲宗的失誤之處，以及《論佛骨表》在對後世的影響。
Abstract
Han Yu was the biggest "opponent" of Buddhism and the pioneer of Neo-Confucianism. Han Yu's famous essay "On the Table of Buddha's Bones" is a well-known anti-Buddha essay in history, in which he fiercely opposes the upcoming sacrificial activity of "welcoming the Buddha's bones" to Emperor Tang Xianzong, and clearly expresses his stance and determination to eliminate Buddha. From the perspective of Confucianism, this paper intends to analyze the opposition and conflict between Confucianism and Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty, including the concept of ethics, the view of the body, the concept of sacrifice, and the education of the people. This article also attempts to analyze the mistakes of Han Yu's distancing of the Tang Dynasty from the perspective of Confucianism, as well as the influence of the "On the Buddha's Bone Table" on later generations.
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