19세기 후반 제주 大靜郡 지역 군병의 직역 실태 －戶籍中草와 『大靜郡軍兵都案』의 비교연구－

Abstract

The paper aims to review the formation of the local forces in the Jeju region and the troop disposition, at different times, after the military reorganization took place during the period of the late Joseon Dynasty. The study also examines the local military formation and characteristics by reviewing one of the remaining Jeju’s cultural assets, ‘Daejeonggun Gunbyeongdoan(大靜郡軍兵都案)’, the military register of the Dajeong magistracy in 1870. A comparative analysis is performed between the data from the military register and another available historic record of census register of the time, ‘Hojeokjungcho(戶籍中草)’. The study intends to revisit and show how the local military force was formed. A comparative analysis will provide a fresh point of view. The ‘Daejeong Gunbyeongdoan’ military register made in Jeju in 1870 is a valuable document that clearly records the data on the soldiers, to include their military positions and identifications. From such important records, it is very significant to be able to find out how the local forces were formed and what conditions the forces were exposed facing. According to the register, the types of soldiers assigned to the local forces in Jeju were ‘Madae(馬隊)’ mounted unit, ‘Sogogun(束伍軍)’ general local soldiers, ‘Seongjeonggun(城丁軍)’ castle defending soldiers, ‘Gunsususol(郡守隨率)’ logistics, ‘Bonggun(烽軍)’ soldiers in charge of the beacon mounds, and ‘Yeongun(煙軍)’ smoke signal soldiers. The force totaled 1,900 soldiers. As noticed, the ‘Daejeong Gunbyeongdoan’ military register was written in 1870 and the ‘Hojeokjungcho’ census register was made around the same time. It should be safe to assume that the two records are related. Accordingly, the records of the soldiers on the military register were compared with the ones in the census register to find out what kinds of occupations they had prior to military assignment. The 970 soldiers whose residents were from the 12 villages of the Daejeong magistrate, out of the total of 1,900 registered soldiers, are studied in this paper. Among the 970 soldiers, 598 or 62% of them had a confirmed occupation matching the census register of the 12 villages. The type of the soldiers’ occupations varied depending on the soldier’s military position, such as, ‘Gasol(假率)’ border patrol special officer, ‘Cheonjong(千摠)’ high commissioned military officer, to ‘Yuhak(幼學)’ gentry of higher social status, ‘Yuhyang-byeolgan(留鄕別監)’ and ‘Pumgwan(品官)’ government officer positions. They were the main manpower to form the local military forces in the Jeju region.