탐라－제주 石築 文化의 始原과 傳承

Abstract

Stone-masonry culture in Jeju demonstrated through the fortress and the abode for local government officials as typical examples had began with the stone-made structure on Keumsung-Ri that was built in the early period of Tamla and is now only remains. This stone culture had been accumulated and inherited. Housing type in the late 7th century in Jeju was the architectural form on the ground with stonewall and thatched-roof. It could be inferred that this residence type did not appear all of sudden, and thus had been made in the earlier time. In sum, the site of Keumsung-Ri can be thought of an original form of housing type with stonewall, which shows that there had already been stone-masonry culture in the period of Kingdom of Tamla. Known from the example of Keumsung-Ri site built in the early period of Tamla (three Kingdoms period), constructing the stonewalls around dry field (farm) by judge Kim Koo was based on the stone-masonry culture which had been utilized from the early period of Tamla. Stonewall, which was a stone-made structure marking boundary, had a function of protecting the residential area or village. In this context, constructing stonewall around fields have a historical significance of spreading stone culture and making it rooted in everyday life The long wall surrounding seashore(Hwanhaejangsung) had been the structure of military defense till the late period of Chosun. The long wall built by Korye army in order to obstruct Sambyulcho(Korye’s special forces, and rebels at that time)’ invasion, had been militarily utilized as a supplementary facility with the site for beacon fire. However, it is disputable to think of the long wall surrounding seashore as a beginning of architectural culture without recognizing its origin from the time of the Kingdom of Tamla. Nevertheless, unfortunately the interpretation that stone culture or stone-masonry culture in Jeju had been transferred from outside and then diffused has been widely spread. It is mistaken to investigate the long wall without recognizing the difference between the constructing style in Korye and it, and the specific stone-masonry culture shared by Jeju people who were mobilized in constructing the long wall. It was almost impossible for Korye army or Sambyulcho alone to build the long wall. All of Seong-seok(城石), Stones used for walls(面石), the stone that fills the inside of the wall(채움석), in the long wall were made out of Jeju basalt, and then it meant that the long wall was built with stones nearby rather than the materials taken from other places. Basalt being porous was very different from stones from Korean Peninsular. Therefore, the Korye army and Sambyuncho, in the process of building the long wall, had to mobilized Jeju people who already had their own architectural culture based on basalt since the early period of Tamla.