明末淸初의 荒政과 王朝交替
Famine Policy and Ming-Qing Transition in the late Ming and early Qing China
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This article demonstrates an influence of Faminie Policy on Ming Qing Transition in terms of ‘the Little Ice Age.’ In the seventeenth century, the time when Ming Qing Transition occurred, there was an ‘ecological crisis,’ which came from climatic fluctuation. Famine Policy, a respond of the crisis, played a decisive role to determine the destiny of the dynasty. The collapse of Ming Dynasty was associated with the demise of Famine Policy System. The deterioration in economy and ‘political laziness’(怠政) of emperor during the Wanli-Period brought down the dynasty. In Chongzhen-Period, it exploited its subjects while not only confronting to a natural calamity and famine, but also holding insurmountable problems in its economy. This resulted in the expansion of peasant uprising which led to the fall of Ming dynasty. On the other hand, Qing dynasty sat great store by Famine Policy, even it was on the unstable political position. Kangxi Emperor modified Famine Policy System, stabilized an ethnocracy through a large scale of tax reduction, and built a secure foundation of ‘Pax Sinica(康乾盛世).’ Intellectuals who vented their rage on severe exploitation during the ruling of Ming recognized Qing dynasty as the legitimacy of authority. To be specific, the reign of Kangxi was often compared to the era of ‘politics of Wendi and Jingdi’(文景之治) or ‘King of Rao and Xun(堯舜).’ The Ming dynasty went to the ground without overcoming ‘ecological crisis’ in the Little Ice Age, however, the Qing considered the crisis as ‘an opportunity.’ The dynasty could sustain political stability like Pax Sinica by overcoming the crisis through efficient and innovative Famine policy.
Abstract
This article demonstrates an influence of Faminie Policy on Ming Qing Transition in terms of ‘the Little Ice Age.’ In the seventeenth century, the time when Ming Qing Transition occurred, there was an ‘ecological crisis,’ which came from climatic fluctuation. Famine Policy, a respond of the crisis, played a decisive role to determine the destiny of the dynasty. The collapse of Ming Dynasty was associated with the demise of Famine Policy System. The deterioration in economy and ‘political laziness’(怠政) of emperor during the Wanli-Period brought down the dynasty. In Chongzhen-Period, it exploited its subjects while not only confronting to a natural calamity and famine, but also holding insurmountable problems in its economy. This resulted in the expansion of peasant uprising which led to the fall of Ming dynasty. On the other hand, Qing dynasty sat great store by Famine Policy, even it was on the unstable political position. Kangxi Emperor modified Famine Policy System, stabilized an ethnocracy through a large scale of tax reduction, and built a secure foundation of ‘Pax Sinica(康乾盛世).’ Intellectuals who vented their rage on severe exploitation during the ruling of Ming recognized Qing dynasty as the legitimacy of authority. To be specific, the reign of Kangxi was often compared to the era of ‘politics of Wendi and Jingdi’(文景之治) or ‘King of Rao and Xun(堯舜).’ The Ming dynasty went to the ground without overcoming ‘ecological crisis’ in the Little Ice Age, however, the Qing considered the crisis as ‘an opportunity.’ The dynasty could sustain political stability like Pax Sinica by overcoming the crisis through efficient and innovative Famine policy.
참고문헌 (157)
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