1920-30년대 四行儲畜會의 발전

Abstract

The union deposit meeting of north four banks could accomplish a continuous growth in 1920-30s, due to the rapid increase of deposit amount. The main factors that made it possible for deposit service to be developed rapidly can be summarized as follows: First of all, the rapid growth of north four banks in 1920-30s played a deceive role in the development of union deposit meeting, because it originated from north four banks. The north four banks issued their bank noted and circulated them in the financial market. The successful issue of bank notes affected to enhance the banking trust of union deposit meeting. In 1920s, most of countries all around world adopted the gold standard system, which caused the amount of silver to increase the total amount of currency in the Chinese financial market. As a result, it made it easy for union deposit meeting to develop its deposit services. In 1930s, the continual agricultural disasters caused the Chinese industrial and commercial business to slow down, as a result of that Chinese capitalists tended to place their large amount of funds on deposit in the Chinese commercial banks in the large cities, such as Shanghai and Tianjin, instead of making an investment on the Chinese agriculture. It was also helpful in deposit services of union deposit meeting. The union deposit meeting was negligent to fulfill the inherent business of bank which should contribute to the development of national industry. Because its losn business was limited to the north four banks without providing the industrial capital to the industrial and commercial sector. In other word, it indulged in the pursuit of private profits with the lack of public utilities by making an investment on the purchase of foreign money and government bonds guaranteed its security of investment and real estates. The union deposit meeting pursued its growth in the close relation with government. It provided financial aid to the government by the way of purchasing the government bonds and making an investment on government enterprises. But the close relation with the government caused Chinese financial market to be controlled by government.