明末淸初 士大夫의 經濟活動과 影響

Abstract

Since the early days, the chinese literati and officaldom downplayed the pursuit of profit, thinking it would act as a gesture of protest-woing to the influence of Confucian.　However, during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties– the activity of literati and officialdom was positively evaluated with commercial growth and commodity economy became active.　From nobles to writers and even ordinary people began to pursue economic interests in commercial pursuits. The reason why the literati and officialdom participated actively in economic activities is first, because of the decline in the chances of advancement in life among the literati and officaldom during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Second, the Chinese traditional viewpoint(prejudice) of four kind of people with scholars, farmers, artisans, and merchants has become gradually disappeared, and the perception of industrial commerce changed. Third, as society and the economy grew, the social demand of culture and art increased.　With these reasons, the literati and officialdom have begun to engage actively in economic activities for make a living, and used their talents to act in various fields such as education, culture, art and publishing. Due to the lively economic activity of the literati and officialdom, culture art developed during the period of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Then a popular literature aimed at new readers developed so the publishing industry has begun to thrive also.