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살인범죄자 프로파일링을 위한 현장행동특성 고찰

Review of Crime scene feature for Homicide offender profiling

고선영
한국법심리학회 (Korean Association of Psychology and Law)|2011.07|한국심리학회지:법 (Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology)|제2권 제2호|pp. 135-158

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참고문헌

키워드

범죄자 프로파일링살인의 특성살인 수사범죄자 유형살인범죄현장행동

초록

대부분의 인간은 살인을 하지 않고, 그래서 일반적으로 살인자는 틀림없이 ‘이상한 사람일 것’이라고 여긴다. 하지만 대부분의 살인에서 정신적 요소와 연관된 살인은 소수이고, 그 밖의 여러 다른 요소가 관련이 되어 있다(Howitt, 2002). 사실 통계적으로 살인 범죄로 인한 사망은 교통사고로 목숨을 잃는 경우보다 훨씬 적음에도 불구하고 우리들은 살인범죄를 두려워하고 가장 강력한 범죄행위 중 하나로 다루고 있다(이윤호, 2002). 이는 살인은 사람의 생명을 앗아가는 생명에 대한 위협일 뿐만 아니라 살인의 결과로 초래되는 피해가 영원히 원상회복 될 수 없고 살인으로 인한 피해가족들에 대한 갖가지 피해도 엄청난 것이기 때문일 것이다(이수정, 2010). 많은 학자들은 이러한 살인 범죄는 빈약한 사회 경제, 가족 해체, 그리고 실패한 사회공동체로부터 발생하며, 그들 일부는 폭력문화를 찬양하거나 정당하다고 여기는 공동체로부터 발생된다고 주장한다(Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997; Sampson & Wilson, 1995). 사회, 문화적 혹은 개인적인 수많은 변수들은 실제 살인사건이 발생했을 때 함께 공존하고 있으며, 살인 사건을 수사하는 수사관들도 그러한 것을 모두 알고 있을 것이다. 그러나, 실제 살인 사건의 수사 시 사건 현장을 접한 많은 수사관들은 사건 현장을 보고 처음 떠오르거나 인식되는 직관에 의해 사건을 이해, 용의자를 선정하는 등의 수사 활동을 시작하게 된다. 최초 살인사건 현장 임장 시에 갖는 직관력이 사건의 본질과 일치할 경우는 사건 해결시간이 단축되지만, 불일치하는 경우는 수정하는 동안 미제사건이 되거나 혹은 범인이 도주하여 범인검거에 실패할 위험성이 항상 존재한다는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 보다 객관적이고 경험적인 자료가 수사관들에게 제공될 수 있다면 살인 범죄현장에 최초 임장 시 수사관들의 주관적 직관에 의한 불확실성의 오류를 줄일 수도 있을 것이다. 수사관들의 직관에 의한 불확실한 수사방향성의 오류를 줄일 수 있는 방법 중 하나인 범죄현장에서 나타난 범죄자 현장행동 분석을 실시하는 것이다. 본 연구는 실제 살인 범죄의 현장에서 나타난 범죄자의 현장행동분석을 실시하기 위한 선행 작업으로 살인범죄의 특성 및 살인수사의 개념과 살인범죄의 현장행동분석의 이론적 토대를 검토해보았다. 특히, 과학적이고 객관적인 살인범죄 수사가 가능하도록 실제 살인범죄의 행동분석을 위한 행동변인들에 대해 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 기존의 선행연구들에 비추어 국내 살인범죄의 현장행동이 어떻게 구분되는가를 확인해보고자 살인범죄에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 기존의 연구들을 살펴본 것이다. 따라서 차후 연구는 이러한 특성들이 실제 사례에서 어떻게 나타나는지와 외국의 사례 및 알코올이 반영된 살인범죄 현장과 일반적인 살인범죄 현장특성은 어떤 차이를 보이는 것인지를 살펴보아야 할 것이다. 마지막으로, 살인 범죄자의 어떤 특성들이 범죄 현장에서 독특한 행동특성으로 드러나는지 범죄자의 심리적, 사회 문화적 특성에 근거한 데이터베이스를 확보하는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Abstract

People hardly ever Homicide, so people think to that people is strange. But most of Homicide is in a minority related mental factor and is involved in the other many factor(Howitt, 2002). Statistically, nevertheless the number of deaths of Homicide more than that of traffic people afraid of Homicide and thought one of the most dangerous crime(Lee, 2002). Because damage bring Homicide as well as threat of life is hard to take recover fully and the damage of family of the deceased will be huge(Lee, 2010). Many scholar argue that these Homicide crime brings to poor socio-economic, family disorganization and failure community, one of them argue that brings to community admire or do justice to a culture of violence(Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997; Sampson & Wilson, 1995). A many variables of social, culture, and personal coexist together when the Homicide take place, the officer(detective) of must be know that. But when the Homicide case investigation many detective start to investigation such as understand of cases or select the suspect by first idea or intuition. If intuition of appearance on the crime scene match up with the essentials of the case the case will be short, on the contrary to this the officer cannot help having unsolved cases. Therefore if it possible offer to the officer with more objective and empirical study, the error of uncertainty of investigation of Homicide cases will be can reduce. This is pre-study for crime scene behavior analysis appeared homicide crime scene, the causal, the feature and the investigation of Homicide, besides review theoretical foundation of crime scene analysis of homicides. Especially, this study review behavioral variables of homicide crime scenes force to possible scientific and objective investigation. When Criminal decides the offence, they must be have the answer what is the need of finish the crime and how exits the crime scene and attempts the avoid detection(Beauregard, & Bouchard, 2010). Thus criminal should to that in the strategy with how exits the crime scene and attempts the avoid detection(Cornish, & Clarke, 2002). In the crime scene reflect the feature of the criminal with thought highly of crime. This study review previous studies for that crime scene behavior of Korean homicides verify whether of difference or not. Hereafter, the study need to analysis with real homicide crime cases, besides it's necessary to study of relation between alcohol and feature of homicide crime, get wired DB on psychological, social and cultural feature of homicide offender.

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